第三支柱个人养老金制度的税收优惠模式分析——以美国IRA为例

Analysis of Preferential Taxation Model of the Third Pillar Personal Pension System--Taking U.S.IRA as an Example

税收优惠模式是第三支柱个人养老金制度政府激励措施中的重要内容。文章通过分析EET和TEE两种税收优惠模式,探讨两者的内在特征并进行比较,发现两者在总体账户积累和税收让利等方面没有明显区别,并以美国IRA制度为例,分析其制度特征和实施效果。制度中的传统IRA和罗斯IRA分别体现了两种税收优惠模式,二者的不同主要体现在账户缴费和资金领取的方式、税率变动和个人的参保行为及心理预期等方面。文章分析发现税收优惠政策在个人的缴费、投资及领取阶段会产生不同的激励效应,并基于此就激励我国第三支柱个人养老金制度的有效参与提出了建议。

The tax preferential taxation model is an essential element in the government incentives of the third pillar personal pension system.With the theoretical analysis of two preferential taxation models,EET and TEE,the paper explores and compares the intrinsic characteristics of both,finding that there is no significant difference between them in terms of overall account accumulation and tax concessions.It also takes the U.S.IRA system as an example to analyze the characteristics of the system and implementation effects.The Traditional IRA and Roth IRA in the system reflect two preferential taxation models,respectively.The differences are reflected in the aspects of contribution to the account and receipt of funds,tax rate changes,individuals’participation behavior and psychological expectations.The paper analyzes and finds that the preferential taxation policy exerts different incentive effects on the individual contribution,investment,and receipt stages,and based on which,makes suggestions for effective participation in China’s third pillar personal pension system.