“要”与形容词的共现规律及情态义研究

The Co-Occurrence Rule of"Yao"(要)with Adjectives and its Modality Meaning

和其他情态动词相比,“要”与形容词的组配能力较强,“要”的否定式与形容词共现用例在北京口语语料中很少。“要”与性质形容词的复杂形式组合较多。与“要”共现的性质形容词具有自由、可带补语、可带准宾语等特征。与“要”共现的状态形容词主要是四音节形式。整体来看,“要”与形容词共现以表示认识情态义为主,可以表示假设性推断、推断的确定性这些意义,《汉语大词典》中“要”的释义比较宽泛。

Compared with other modal verbs,"Yao"is highly collocable with adjectives.The negative form of"Yao"is rarely collocated adjectives in Beijing oral corpus.There are many complex combinations of"Yao"with qualitative adjectives,and qualitative adjectives co-occurred can take a complement,a quasi-object,etc.The state adjectives co-occurred are mainly four-syllable forms.On the whole,the co-occurrence mainly expresses the cognitive modality of knowing,the meaning of hypothetical inference,and inferred certainty.The definitions of"Yao"in the Great Chinese Dictionary are relatively broad.