火星环绕探测发展现状与趋势

Current Situation and Trend of Mars Orbiting Exploration

基于火星环绕探测的任务需求,围绕行星际转移及环火飞行的约束条件和环境特点,首先分析了火星环绕探测任务面临的主要技术难点,结合火星环绕器的任务要求和功能特点,总结了火星环绕探测的关键技术和解决途径,主要有自主安全捕获控制、长日凌自主管理、高速测控数传一体化、多码率自适应中继通信等技术。随后综述了环绕探测平台功能及技术的发展历程、趋势和创新性,具体有对地通信速率、导航与变轨能力、结构承载与推进系统等,根据未来火星探测需求,分析了环绕平台需要发展的新能力。最后,对未来环绕探测方向进行了分析。

Based on the mission requirements of Mars orbiting exploration,and the constraints and environmental characteristics of interplanetary transfer and flight around Mars,the main technical difficulties of Mars orbiting exploration missions were analyzed.Based on the mission requirements and functional characteristics of Tianwen-1 orbiter,key technologies and solutions for Mars orbiting exploration were summarized,which mainly include autonomous security control for Mars orbit insert,autonomous management of long solar transit,integration of measurement control and data transmission,and multiple communication rates adaptive relay communication.Then,the development history,trend and innovation of the functions and technologies of the Mars orbiting exploration platform were reviewed,including Mars-to-Earth communication rate,navigation and orbital transformation capability,structural load-carrying and propulsion system.According to the future requirements of Mars exploration,the new capabilities that the orbiting exploration platform needs to develop were analyzed.Finally,the future direction of Mars orbiting exploration was analyzed.