“天问一号”环绕器测控数传通信系统设计与验证

Design and Verification of TT&C and Data Transmission Integrated System for Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter

针对“天问一号”火星环绕器最远距离4亿km下的超远距离大动态通信难题,“天问一号”火星环绕器测控数传通信系统通过多天线波束赋形的测控数传一体化技术、多码率自适应收发处理技术、高灵敏度信号捕获技术、超高灵敏度下的电磁干扰抑制技术以及极低温下大口径天线高精度稳定指向技术,实现了对–156 dBm微弱信号的高灵敏度捕获以及大动态下的数据自适应收发,除天体遮挡外全过程100%对地通信链路覆盖和波束覆盖,最远4亿km处对地数传速率达1 Mbps。该项技术已经在“天问一号”火星探测任务中得到了考核和验证,可以为后续深空探测任务中测控数传通信系统的设计与在轨工作提供参考。

ITo deal with the problems of ultra-long distance and large dynamic communication under a maximum distance of 400 million kilometers of Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter,the TT&C and data transmission communication system of Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter realized high-sensitivity acquisition of-156dbm weak signals and adaptive data transmission and reception under large dynamic conditions through integrated TT&C and data transmission technology of multi-antenna beam shaping,multi bit rate adaptive transmission and reception processing technology,high-sensitivity signal acquisition technology,electromagnetic interference suppression technology under ultra-high sensitivity and high-precision stable pointing technology of large aperture antenna under extremely low temperatures.Except for celestial block,the whole process was 100%covered by the earth communication link and beam,and data transmission rate to the earth was up to 1Mbps at the farthest distance of 400 million kilometers.This technology has been examined and verified in Tianwen-1 Mars exploration mission,and can provide reference for the design and on-orbit work of the TT&C data transmission communication system in subsequent deep space exploration missions.