辽宁省松材线虫病发生现状及综合防治策略

Occurrence Status and Comprehensive Control Strategy of Pine Wood Nematode Disease in Liaoning Province

松材线虫病是一种毁灭性松树病害,繁殖力强、发病速度快,传播迅速且难以控制,松树感染后最快40d就可死亡。目前,病害已经在全国18个省区流行,对我国造成的经济损失每年超百亿元,现有6000万hm^(2)松林正面临着松材线虫病大流行的威胁。辽宁省是我国最北部的松材线虫疫区,松材线虫病发生情况与其他疫区有明显不同,主要体现在气候条件、松材线虫虫株、寄主树种和媒介昆虫四个方面。研究辽宁省松材线虫病发生与防治,对保护森林生态平衡具有重大现实意义。文章针对松材线虫的危害特征进行了概述,分析了辽宁地区松材线虫病发生原因,以及防治方面存在的问题,提出了当前松材线虫综合防治措施,主要包括合理开发利用天牛天敌资源,进一步优化杀线虫剂的有效成分及施药方式,大力加强松材线虫监测与检疫,为辽宁省松材线虫病防治提供理论基础。

Pine wood nematode disease is a destructive pine disease with strong reproduction,fast onset,rapid spread and difficult to control.Pine trees can die as soon as 40 days after infection.At present,the disease has spread in 18 provinces and regions across the country,causing economic losses of more than 10 billion Yuan per year in China.The existing 60 million hm^(2) pine forest is facing the threat of pine wood nematode disease pandemic.Liaoning Province is the most northern pine wood nematode epidemic area in China.The occurrence of pine wood nematode disease is significantly different from other epidemic areas,mainly reflected in four aspects:climatic conditions,pine wood nematode plants,host species and vector insects.It is of great practical significance to study the occurrence and control of pine wood nematode disease in Liaoning Province for the protection of forest ecological balance.This paper summarizes the harmful characteristics of pine wood nematode,analyzes the causes of pine wood nematode disease in Liaoning Province and the existing problems in prevention and control,and puts forward the current comprehensive prevention and control measures of pine wood nematode,mainly including the rational development and utilization of natural enemy resources of longicorn beetles,further optimizing the effective components and application methods of nematicides,and vigorously strengthening the monitoring and quarantine of pine wood nematode,It provides a theoretical basis for the control of pine wood nematode disease in Liaoning Province.