星载激光雷达光路自动调整技术研究进展

Progress on Optical Self-Alignment of Space-Borne Lidar

大气探测激光雷达系统接收与发射光轴的空间平行与否直接影响探测数据的有效性,高精度光路自动调整系统是星载激光雷达实现可靠探测的保障条件之一.基于国际上现有的星载大气探测激光雷达,总结光路调整系统的研究现状、基本原理和常用方法,并从硬件结构和软件算法两方面对常用的回波信号强度法和光斑调整法进行了对比.回波信号强度法结构简单,但调整过程受大气和地表环境影响明显;光斑调整法可实现1μrad的高精度调整,但光路复杂、成本相对更高.总体而言,光路自动调整技术涉及多个学科和领域,结合各个学科的优势,设计出结构简单、高精度低成本的光路调整系统,是未来的发展方向.

The spatial parallel between the receiving and transmitting optical axis of the atmospheric lidar system directly affects the validity of the detection data. The high-precision optical self-alignment system is one of the guarantee conditions for the reliable detection of the space-borne lidar. Based on the existing international space-borne atmospheric detection lidar, the research status, basic principle and common methods of the optical path adjustment system are summarized. The common echo signal intensity method and spot adjustment method are compared from two aspects of hardware structure and software algorithm. The structure of echo signal intensity method is simple, but the self-alignment process is significantly affected by atmosphere and surface environment. Spot self-alignment method can achieve 1μrad high-precision adjustment, but the optical path is complex and the cost is relatively higher. In general, the optical self-alignment technology involves many disciplines and fields. Combining the advantages of each discipline, it is the future development direction to design a simple structure but high precision and low cost optical path adjustment system.