构建超常儿童鉴别体系:国际经验与本土思考

Building an Identification System for Gifted Children:International Experience and Local Reflections

超常儿童是拔尖创新人才早期培养的富矿,其鉴别是培养的前提和基础。目前国际超常儿童鉴别的实践特点体现为:多主体参与鉴别;鉴别对象覆盖面大;鉴别内容多元,涵盖各个领域;鉴别标准多样,关注潜能与动机;鉴别方式丰富,多维度、多途径和多方法结合,鉴别工具的信效度不断提升;鉴别流程科学规范,依据培养目标动态展开。构建我国超常儿童鉴别体系,建议设置以国家为主导的多元鉴别主体,鉴别对象面向基础教育阶段全体学生,鉴别内容综合全面,研制国家层面鉴别标准,科学测算鉴别比例,鉴别方式定性与定量相结合,建设鉴别工具库;采用四阶段过程性鉴别流程,提供动态化鉴别时间选择。

Gifted children are a gold mine for the early cultivation of outstanding and innovative talents.Meanwhile,their identification is the prerequisite and foundation for their cultivation.The current practice of international identification of gifted children is characterized by the participation of multiple subjects in the identification,and a large coverage.It also has diversified contents,which cover various fields,and the diverse criteria for identification mainly focuses on potential and motivation.Besides,a wide variety of identification methods,with multi-dimensional,multi-path and multi-method combined,have increased the reliability and validity of the identification tools.Further,the scientific and standardized process of the identification is carried out dynamically according to the cultivation goals.To build a system for identifying gifted children in China,it is recommended that a state-led multifaceted identification body be set up,which targets all students at the basic education level,and has a comprehensive content of identification.The body helps develop national identification standards,which enables scientific measurement of identification ratios,develops a variety of identification methods and builds the storeroom of tools for identification by using both qualitative and quantitative approaches.It adopts a staged process of identification that provides dynamic identification time options.