微生物合成低分子质量及寡聚透明质酸研究进展

Progress in the synthesis of low molecular weight and oligomeric hyaluronic acid by microorganism

透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)是由D-葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖组成的天然线性黏多糖,具有良好的保湿性能,广泛应用于食品、医药和化妆品等行业。HA生物活性与分子质量高低密切相关,尤其低分子质量透明质酸(low molecular weight hyaluronic acid,LMW-HA)和寡聚透明质酸(oligomeric hyaluronic acid,o-HA)具有促进骨和血管生成、增强免疫调节和改善皮肤屏障受损等功效。尽管目前HA生产菌株的筛选和改造、发酵条件优化等方面取得了显著进展,然而大量报道主要是关于提高HA生产效率和高分子质量HA生产,较少关注LMW-HA和o-HA的生产。文章总结了两者生物合成途径及其工业应用,并探讨生物合成过程中分子质量调控策略,以期为LMW-HA和o-HA工业化生产提供依据。

Hyaluronic acid(HA)is a natural linear mucopolysaccharide composed of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine,which has great moisturizing properties and is widely used in food,medicine,and cosmetic industries.The biological activity of HA is closely related to the molecular weight,especially low molecular weight hyaluronic acid(LMW-HA)and oligomeric hyaluronic acid(o-HA)have the effect of promoting bone and angiogenesis,enhancing immune regulation,and improving skin barrier damage.Although significant progress has been made in screening and modification of HA production strains and optimization of fermentation conditions,most reports focused on the increase of HA production efficiency and high molecular weight HA production and less attention on the production of LMW-HA and o-HA.This article summarizes the biosynthetic pathways and industrial applications of LMW-HA and o-HA,and investigates the molecular weight regulation strategies during the biosynthesis process,with a view to providing a basis for the industrial production of LMW-HA and o-HA.