“肌质”抑或“整体”——20世纪西方文论中一个隐含的文本诠释范式之争

"Texture"or"Wholeness"--An Implicit Textual Interpretation Paradigm Controversy in Westerm Literary Theory in the 20th Century

韦勒克和弗莱是20世纪西方文论界的两座高峰,然在韦勒克对弗莱的评论中显然见出二者就文学批评理论与文本诠释原则所持观念的迥然之别。弗莱主张将文学批评建构成具有一定程度独立性的“系统的科学”,韦勒克则认为这种建立在想象基础上的思维结构只是一种“虚构的批评”;同时,弗莱认为具体的文本价值判断并不是文学批评的根本任务,只是一种有关文本鉴赏“趣味的历史”,韦勒克则认为文学的直接经验是建构文学批评理论的基底,弗莱的做法等于是取消了文本的审美价值。韦、弗二氏关于文学批评的争论,实则折射出20世纪西方文论中以“肌质”和“整体”所呈现的两种不同文本观和文本诠释范式。以文本为中心实现二者的两相调和,不失为当下文学批评建构和文本诠释路径的一个可参考方向。

Rene Wellek and Northrop Frye are two famous figures of w estern literary theory in the 20th century。However,in Wellek's comments on Frye,it is obvious that they hold very different ideas about the theory of literary criticism and the principles of textual interpretation.Frye advocated thal literary criticism should be constructed as a"systematic science"with a certain degree of independence,while Wellek believed that this kind of thinking structure based on imagination was only a"fictitious criticism";Moreover,Frye believes that the specific value judgments about texts is not the funda-mental task of literary criticism,but a"history of taste"about text appreciation,however,Wellek believes that the direct experience of literature is the basis for constructing literary criticism theory,and Frye's approach is equivalent to canceling the aesthetie value of the text.The debate between two theorists on literary criticism,in fact,it reflects two different textual views.and textual interpretation paradigms presented by"texture"and"wholeness"in Western literary theory in the 20th century.Taking the text as the center to achieve the reconciliation of the two,it can be regarded as a reference direction to the construction of current literary criticism and the path of text interpretation.