电弧发射光谱技术发展及其在地质领域的应用

Technical development of arc-emission spectroscopy and its application in geological sample analysis

电弧发射光谱技术是利用电弧激发被测元素时所产生的特征谱线的波长和强度来定量分析样品的组成和含量的一种分析技术。该文从方法优化改进和缓冲剂成分及其配比两方面来论述电弧发射光谱技术在地质分析领域的发展和应用:在方法优化改进方面,已经从摄谱法发展到全谱发射光谱法,实验流程大大简化,分析结果已实现数字化,分析效率得到了极大的提升。尤其是能够实现地质样品中银、锡、硼等元素的全谱分析,而且根据被测元素含量选定合适的分析谱线对,可有效扩展被测元素的线性范围;在缓冲剂方面,缓冲剂成分及其配比的研究进一步提高了分析结果的准确性和可靠性。目前,电弧发射光谱技术在南京地质调查中心实验室中承担了地质样品中银、锡、硼的分析,提供了大量的数据和重要的矿产信息,在地质调查工作中发挥了举足轻重的作用。未来将继续在优化实验方法以及研制新型缓冲剂方面作出努力,为国家新一轮找矿突破战略性行动提供技术支撑。

The characteristic lines can be emitted in the process that the tested elements are excited by high energy arc and then vaporized or dissociated into gaseous atoms.The arc emission spectroscopy can quantify the composition and content of samples by detecting the wavelength and intensity of the characteristic spectral lines.This paper discusses the development and application of the arc emission spectroscopy in the field of geological analysis from the perspectives of method optimization and composition and ratio of buffer.The two aspects have a significant impact on key performance indicators such as precision,accuracy and detection limit of the analytical technology.In terms of the method optimization,the full spectrum emission spectrometry method has been developed.The analytical procedure was greatly simplified by eliminating the tedious experimental steps such as developing,fixing,spectrum and metering.The analysis results have been digitized,and the analysis efficiency has been greatly enhanced.Some elements such as silver,tin and boron have been successfully detected by using its all spectral lines.Analytical lines can be selected based on the sample content so the linear range of the detected elements was expanded.In terms of buffers,the research progress on components and ratios of various buffers enhances the accuracy and reliability of analysis results.Nowadays,the arc emission spectroscopy has been adopted in the geo-sample analysis of silver,tin and boron by the laboratory of Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,which provided abundant experimental data with good mapping effect and important information on the mineral deposits in the working area,playing a key role in geological survey.The future research will be continuously focused on the optimization of experimental method and the development of new buffers,so as to technically support the national new round of ore-prospecting breakthrough strategic action.