内蒙古二人台民间戏班现状调研--从内蒙古土默特右旗“二人台小班”个案谈起

Investigation on the status quo of folk opera troupe in Inner Mongolia--Starting from the case of"Duo Tai Xiao Ban"in Tumet Right Banner,Inner Mongolia

二人台,是流行于晋、陕、蒙、冀四省区的地方戏曲剧种,其产生的源头,与明末清初“走西口”的流民文化不无关联。由于地缘时间等时空因素,当下四省区二人台的发展,彼此之间既有共性关联,又互有区别。内蒙古地区的二人台艺术,是游牧文化与农耕文化碰撞并蒙汉民族文化交融的艺术产物,更是在汉族民歌的基础上,又吸收了蒙古族长调、短调民歌等元素进而发展成一种地方小戏的。当下学界对于二人台的研究大致可以分为对于其历史文化背景的梳理,如音乐本体剧本、器乐、乐队的研究;以及现状的调研和非遗保护与传承等三个方面。而在现状调研的层面,又以对官方剧团、文化大院、非遗传承人的访谈居多。专门针对社会上俗称“打小班”的民间小戏班的研究较少。故笔者以实地调研考察内蒙古土默特右旗的民间小班--王雄二人台艺术团为研究基础,从民族音乐学的视角,分析探讨了民间二人台小班的生存现状与传承模式,同时也指出了阻碍其长足发展的主客观因素及破题的路径。

Errentai is a kind of local opera popular in Shanxi,Shaanxi,Mongolia and Hebei provinces.Its origin is not unrelated to the refugee culture of"going west"in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.Due to such space-time factors as geographical time,the development of Shanxi,Shaanxi,Mongolia and Hebei provinces,which are popular in Errentai art,has both common connections and differences with each other.The Errentai art in Inner Mongolia is an artistic product of the collision between nomadic culture and farming culture and the blending of Mongolian and Han cultures.It also absorbs elements such as Mongolian long tune and short tune folk songs on the basis of Han folk songs and develops into a local drama.The current academic research on the Errentai can be roughly divided into the sorting of its historical and cultural background,such as the research on music scripts,instrumental music and bands;As well as the status quo research and intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance.At the level of status quo research,interviews with official troupes,cultural complexes and inheritors of intangible cultural heritage are the majority.There is less research on the folk drama troupes commonly known as"small troupes".Therefore,based on the field investigation and study of Wang Xiong Errentai Art Troupe,a small folk class in Tumet Right Banner,Inner Mongolia,from the perspective of ethnomusicology,the author analyzed and discussed the survival status and inheritance mode of the small folk Errentai class,and also pointed out the subjective and objective factors hindering its rapid development and the path to solve the problem.