摘要
康德通过对人的心灵的深入研究,并从先验哲学中寻绎出“统觉”这一最高认识能力,从而建立起知性一切运用的最高原则。费希特将客体完全归于“我”的活动过程中,对康德的统觉概念加以绝对原则化;谢林将自我意识的主观性发展为客观性,把先验统觉引至客观实在的自然领域;黑格尔通过意识自否定的辩证法完成了统觉的本体化和逻辑化的发展进程。胡塞尔对康德先验哲学的方法论展开批判,继而对先验统觉进一步“先验化”;梅洛-庞蒂认为,为知识立法的先验统觉并不是不可替代的最高综合能力,知觉自身就具备综合的功能,身体的综合就是知觉的综合。
Kant established the supreme principle of all uses of understanding through the deep study of human mind and the search for“apperception”,the highest cognitive ability,from transcendental philosophy.Fichte completely ascribe the object to“I”in the process of activity and carries through the concept of apperception of Kant absolutely;Schelling developed the subjectivity of self-consciousness into objectivity and introduced transcendental apperception to the natural field of objective reality.Hegel completed the ontologization and logicization of apperception through the dialectics of self-negation of consciousness.Husserl criticizes the methodology of Kant’s transcendental philosophy and then“transcendentalizes”transcendental apperception.Ponty believes that transcendental apperception,which legislates knowledge,is not the highest comprehensive ability that cannot be replaced.Perception itself has the function of synthesis,and the synthesis of body is the synthesis of perception.
作者
唐红光
TANG Hong-guang(School of Marxism,Nanjing University of the Arts,Jiangsu Nanjing 210013,China)
出处
《齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
2023年第3期31-35,共5页
Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)
基金
湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会基金项目:马克思的反思理论研究(XSP20YBZ162)
南京艺术学院马克思主义研究专项:马克思与康德的反思理论比较研究(NYM2022001)。
关键词
统觉
自我意识
德国古典哲学
现象学
apperception
self-consciousness
classical German philosophy
Phenomenology