我国学校体育场馆与社会共享政策的历史演进

Historical Evolution of School Stadiums and Gymnasiums and Social Sharing Policy in China

运用文献资料法,梳理了不同约束力、不同制定主体、不同作用范围学校体育场馆与社会共享政策的发展历程和阶段性特征。改革开放以来,在国家层面上涉及学校体育场馆与社会共享的基本政策38项,基本国策“共享”理念明确但刚性不足、操作性不强;具体政策3项,政策的针对性、可操作性呈现与时俱进的特征。研究认为,新中国学校体育场馆与社会共享政策经历了初启、探索、推进3个阶段,从封闭走向开放的螺旋式递进发展演进历程,呈现导向越为清晰、开放要求越发明确、开放对象越加全面、开放管理越为规范、开放时段更为具体、开放经费更有保障、开放责任更加明确、组织实施更可操作等特征,学校体育场馆与社会共享的政策体系日臻完善。

Using the method of literature review,this paper combs the development process and characteristics of school stadiums and gymnasiums and social sharing policies with different binding forces,different formulation subjects and different scope.Since the reform and opening up,there have been 38 basic policies involving the sharing of school stadiums and gymnasiums and society at the national level.The concept of sharing of the basic national policy is clear,but it is not rigid and operational.There are 3 specific policies,and the pertinence and operability of the policies are characterized by keeping pace with the times.The research shows that the school stadiums and gymnasiums and social sharing policy in New China has experienced three stages:initial initiation,exploration and promotion,and the spiral evolution process from closure to opening.The clearer the orientation,the clearer the opening requirements,the more comprehensive the opening objects,the more standardized the opening management,the more specific the opening period,the more guaranteed the opening funds,the clearer the opening responsibilities,and the more operable the organization and implementation,the more perfect the policy system shared by the school stadiums and gymnasiums and the society is becoming.