从俄罗斯的中国形象到中国的俄罗斯形象——基于国家形象学研究的考察

From Image of China in Russia to Image of Russia in China——an Investigation Based on the Study of National Image

中俄两国互视与国家形象变迁具有深刻的时代特点和现实影响。西方国家的中国形象深刻地影响着俄罗斯的中国形象;俄罗斯自身民族身份认同的模糊性导致了俄罗斯中国形象的朦胧性;“中国威胁论”的复活和中国社会转型的成功使俄罗斯将中国视为潜在的敌手,但同时也是学习的榜样。基于这些因素,俄罗斯对中国的认知总体上呈现出一种非常矛盾的心态。中国的俄罗斯形象则表现出一种鲜明的政治性特点,中俄关系变迁主导着俄罗斯国家形象的总体走向。同时,公众主观认识和浓郁的苏联情结很大程度上影响着俄罗斯国家形象的演变。中俄国家形象的变迁启示我们既要带领人民创造一种幸福安康的、真实的中国形象,也要向国际社会积极传达中国声音,从内到外,树立一个积极正面的、敢于担当的大国形象。

The mutual viewing between China and Russia and the change of national image have profound characteristics of the times and realistic influence.The image of China in western countries has a profound impact on the image of China in Russia;The fuzziness of Russia's own national identity leads to the obscurity of China's image of Russia;The revival of the"China Threat Theory"and the success of China's social transformation make Russia regard China as a potential enemy,but it is also an example to learn from.Based on these factors,Russia's cognition for China presents a very contradictory mentalitygenerally.Russia's image in China shows a distinct political characteristic,and the change of Sino-Russian relations dominates the overall trend of Russia's national image.At the same time,the subjective knowledge of the public and the strong Soviet complex have greatly affected the evolution of Russia's national image.The changes in the national image of China and Russia enlighten us that we should not only lead the people to create a happy,healthy and true image of China,but also actively convey China's voice to the international community and establish a positive and responsible image of a strongcountry from inside to outside.