面向城市的“开放式学校”:丹麦中小学公立学校提升计划

Denmark’s “Open School” Project and Reform of Stardards of K-12 Schools

为提升中小学公立学校教育水平,丹麦政府以提升学生个人能力、降低社会背景对学习成绩的影响、加强专业知识与实践在学校教育中的地位为目标,于2013年提出了“丹麦中小学公立学校提升计划”,以促进学生个体全面发展。“提升计划”是丹麦基础教育新一轮改革的开始,主要改革内容在于从校内、校外开展了更为多元的教学活动。其中,校外教学活动之“开放式学校”作为连接学校教育与城市、社会的一项创新举措,在这项改革中起到了重要作用。“开放式学校”与校外合作的社会组织机构以中小学的毕业目标与课程目标为基础,支持服务于学科教学,在政府组织管理、教师角色、师资专业性、教学模式上都呈现出与原有课堂教学不同的特点。“开放式学校”实施几年来,丹麦国内有超过60%的城市已参与其中,使学生获得了更大的学习空间,也提升了学习质量与学习动机。这一学校与城市社会联结的教育模式可为我国中小学校外教育机制提供参考,以实现学生全面发展、弥补学校短板以及促进教育社会化。

In order to improve the education level of primary and secondary public schools and promote the all-round development of students,the Danish government put forward the“Improvement of Standards in the Danish Public School(primary and lower secondary education)”in 2013 with the goal of improving students’individual ability,reducing the influence of social background on academic performance,and strengthening the status of professional knowledge and practice in school education.This improvement is the beginning of a new round of the basic education reform in Denmark.The main content of the reform is to have a longer and varied school day with diversified teaching methods including the activities from the inside and outside of the school.“The Open school”is one of the teaching activities for off-campus education.As an innovative measure to connect school education with the city and society,it plays an important role in this reform.“The Open School”and the social organizations which the schools cooperate with together support the subject teaching based on the goals of graduation and curriculum in the primary and secondary public schools.This kind of teaching with school-organization cooperation is different from the original classroom teaching in terms of government organization and management,teachers’roles,teachers’professionalism,and teaching patterns.Some studies have shown that more than 60%of the cities in Denmark have participated in“Open School”in the last few years,after the implementation of the“The Open School”.The effects of Open School are obvious,such as,enabling students to gain more learning space,and improving the quality and motivation of learning.This kind of teaching pattern which connects school with city and society provides an example of off-campus teaching for the primary and secondary school education in China.It also gives implications for how to promote students7 all-round development,make up for the shortcomings of the curriculum in schools,and facilitate the socialization of education.