内质网应激和糖尿病微血管病变关系的研究进展

Advances in the Relationship Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Diabetic Microangiopathy

糖尿病微血管病变是由高糖高脂引起的一组特异性疾病,可累及心肌、肾脏、视网膜、周围神经,是致死致残的主要原因。内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)存在于所有真核细胞,是细胞中合成蛋白质、钙储存、脂质代谢的重要场所。当细胞遭遇高糖、缺氧、炎症、氧化应激、感染等病理因素侵扰时,ER内环境稳态失衡,功能受损,未折叠和错误折叠的蛋白积聚,引发内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)。ERS是机体应对蛋白质折叠错误、糖脂代谢异常的自适应调节行为,适度的ERS有助于减轻因糖尿病代谢异常导致的微血管病变,提升糖尿病患者的生活质量。文章综述了近五年内质网应激和糖尿病微血管病变的关系和相关机制研究,旨在为通过调节内质网应激防治糖尿病及其微血管病变提供一定的参考依据。

Diabetic microangiopathy is a group of specific diseases caused by high sugar and high fat,which can affect the myocardium,kidney,retina,and peripheral nerves,and is the main cause of death and disability.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)exists in all eukaryotic cells and is an important place for protein synthesis,calcium storage,and lipid metabolism in cells.When cells encounter pathological factors such as high glucose,hypoxia,inflammation,oxidative stress,and infection,the homeostasis of the ER is unbalanced,the function is impaired,and unfolded and misfolded proteins accumulate,triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress(endoplasmic reticulum stress).reticulum stress,ERS).ERS is an adaptive regulation behavior of the body in response to protein misfolding and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.Moderate ERS can help reduce microvascular disease caused by metabolic abnormalities in diabetes and improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.This article summarizes the research on the relationship and related mechanism between endoplasmic reticulum stress and diabetic microangiopathy in the past five years,aiming to provide a certain reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its microangiopathy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.