中国古代社会治理体系与治理能力研究

Chinese Traditional Social Governance System,Governance Capacity and Its Reference Value

我国凡治世成功的封建王朝均注重整体、系统、变化、比较论的治世观,重视构建综合为治的治理体系与治理能力。尤以汉、唐为典型。这两个王朝不仅注重构建高度统一集权的国家治理体系,同时,积极发挥持之有效的治理能力,采用“富之”“教之”“编户齐民”“绳之以法”等德法结合的治理模式维护善治。此外,还制定了《九章律》《唐律疏议》等能够体现中华法系文明高度的著名法典对治理体系、治理能力加以巩固。而这些举措对“以人为本”的中国社会主义特色国家治理体系、治理能力的现代化建设提供了重要借鉴。当然,部分如秦、隋等封建王朝在建设治理体系与治理能力过程中亦产生了极端化现象,逐步走向了进步的反面,遗留下了深刻历史教训,警醒于后世。

All the successful feudal dynasties in China focused on the holistic, systematic, changing and comparative view of governance, and on building a comprehensive governance system and governance capacity. The Han dynasty and the Tang dynasty are the most typical ones. The Han dynasty and the Tang dynasty attached importance to the construction of highly centralized governance system and governance capacity. At the same time, they actively gave full play to their effective governance capacity, and adopted governance models combining the rule of virtue and the rule of law, such as “enriching”, “educating”, “merging households and the people”, and “bringing somebody to justice” to maintain good governance. In addition, the Nine Chapter Law and Tang Code have been formulated to consolidate the governance system and governance capacity, which can reflect the height of Chinese legal civilization.These measures not only had a profound influence on China’s later feudal dynasties, but also provided an important historical reference for the modernization of the “people-oriented” national governance system and governance capacity with Chinese socialist characteristics. However, it is undeniable that some feudal dynasties, such as the Qin and the Sui dynasties, also produced extremes in the process of building governance system and governance capacity and gradually went to the opposite side of progress, leaving profound historical lessons to warn generations.