化肥减施及配施有机肥对荔枝生长及根际微生物的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Litchi

【目的】针对广东省荔枝园化肥施用量过高且土壤质量严重下降的问题,结合周边规模化畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用的需求,研究化肥减施配施有机肥对荔枝生长及根际微生物的影响,旨在为广东省荔枝科学化种植提供施肥参考。【方法】以‘桂味’荔枝为研究对象,设置不施肥(CK),单施化肥(CF),化肥减量30%分别配施猪粪有机肥5 kg/株(OF5)、10 kg/株(OF10)、15 kg/株(OF15)、20 kg/株(OF20)共6个处理,比较不同处理下荔枝根际土壤酶活性、可培养微生物数量、微生物量、产量以及品质等相关指标。【结果】相较于CF处理,化肥减量30%配施有机肥,OF15处理的荔枝根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性分别提高35.3%和25.6%,OF10处理的土壤磷酸酶活性提高32.2%,真菌数提高14.4%,OF10处理的微生物量碳提高26.1%,OF20处理的土壤可培养细菌数量提高11.8%,OF15处理放线菌数量提高18.1%,OF15处理的微生物量氮提高23.6%;化肥减量配施有机肥均能显著提高荔枝果实的品质,且增产效果明显,配施有机肥5、10、15、20 kg,产量比单施化肥分别提升7.15%、10.64%、13.75%、13.32%。【结论】综合来看,荔枝在减施30%化肥的情况下株施10~15 kg猪粪有机肥具有显著的提质增效效果。

【Objective】In regard to the problems including excessive chemical fertilizer application and serious soil quality decline in litchi orchards in Guangdong Province,and the urgent need of resource utilization of manure produced by the surrounding large-scale livestock and poultry breeding,the effects of fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on growth and rhizosphere microorganisms of litchi were studied,aiming to provide fertilization references for the scientific planting of litchi in Guangdong Province.【Method】‘Guiwei’litchi was used as the research material.Six treatments were set:no fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer application(CF),fertilizer reduction by 30%,and combined application of pig manure organic fertilizer of 5 kg/plant(OF5),10 kg/plant(OF10),15 kg/plant(OF15),and 20 kg/plant(OF20).The relative indicators of enzyme activity of litchi rhizosphere soil,number of culturable microorganisms,microbial biomass,yield and quality under different treatments were compared.【Result】The results showed that compared with the CF treatment,when the chemical fertilizer application was reduced by 30%;Under the OF15 treatment,the invertase activity and urease activity of rhizosphere soil were increased by 35.3%and 25.6%,the number of actinomyces increased by 18.1%,and the microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 23.6%;Under the OF10 treatment,the phosphatase activity was increased by 32.2%,the number of fungi increased by 14.4%,the microbial biomass carbon increased by 26.1%;Under OF20 treatment,the number of culturable bacteria was increased by 11.8%.The application of organic fertilizer could significantly improve the quality and yield of litchi.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the yields under OF5,OF10,OF15 and OF20 treatments increased by 7.15%,10.64%,13.75%and 13.32%,respectively.【Conclusion】In conclusion,the application of 10kg-15kg pig manure organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer reduced by 30%could significantly improve the quality and efficiency.