心理场景——情节构建视角下的二语书面叙事结构实证研究

A Study of L2 Written Narrative Structures in Light of Mental Scene Construction and Episodic Construction Theories

本研究在心理场景构建理论和心理情节模拟构建理论基础上,提炼可操作的叙事场景-情节结构分析框架,收集实证数据,以发现二语学习者的书面叙事结构特点。结果显示:(1)二语叙事存在情节偏向和场景偏向的类型差异,前者着墨事件的过程性和动态性,后者兼顾场景呈现和内容评价;(2)二语学习者的情节偏向和场景偏向叙事存在共性的问题,包括细节呈现不足,时空要素的表达单一,事件的行动子要素以概述为主,事件的起因、目的和结果子要素存在系统性空缺。二语书面叙事的结构特点体现不同的编码通道,情节偏向以情节记忆表征为基础,场景偏向以语义记忆为主、情节记忆为辅,记忆通道差异可能是影响二语书面叙事类型使用的重要原因。本研究发现能够解释二语学习者书面叙事认知特点,为二语写作教学提供启发。

By drawing upon Scene Construction and Constructive Episodic Simulation,the present study developed an operational analysis framework of Scene-Episodic structure for L2 written narratives and collected empirical data to examine the patterns of L2 learners'written narratives.Results showed that L2 narratives clustered around episodic simulation and scene construction,with the former focusing on events and processes,and the latter targeting both scene description and content evaluation,and that episodic-oriented and scene-oriented L2 narratives shared certain features,including lack of specificity induction,oversimplification of time and space presentation,massive absence of the event sub-elements such as causes,purposes and results,and sketchy description of attempts.Differences of the structural features in L2 narratives give expressions to the existence of various encoding channels.Specifically,episodic-oriented ones are subserved by episodic memory while sceneoriented ones are dominated by semantic memory and supported by episodic memory.Different encoding channels probably underlie the use of L2 narrative structures.This study provided explanations to structural features of L2 writen narratives and also shed light on teaching and learning of L2 writing.