增程式电动履带拖拉机设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Extended-range Electric Caterpillar Tractor

针对缺乏适宜温室大棚作业的小功率电动拖拉机的问题,本文设计了一台10 kW增程式电动履带拖拉机,完成了工况分析、电驱系统设计和试验。针对行走、旋耕、开沟工况进行了性能测试,试验结果表明所设计的增程式电动拖拉机能够实现传统燃油履带式拖拉机所具备的功能。测试结果表明,速度4.8 km/h行走工况电动机消耗功率约为3.2 kW,速度2 km/h旋耕作业工况电机消耗功率约为3.75 kW,速度2 km/h开沟工况电机消耗功率约为3.3 kW。当前电池配置下,可以支持行走工作2.2 h,旋耕工作1.9 h和开沟工作2.1 h,纯电模式基本满足小规模温室大棚零排放作业需求。需要持续大负载工作时,增程式电动拖拉机可以启动增程器与电池协同供电以实现持续工作。

Electric tractors have the advantages of strong power,energy saving and emission reduction,simple structure,reliability and durability,which have become the focus of research at home and abroad.A 10 kW extended-range electric caterpillar tractor was developed,and the working condition analysis,electric drive system design,prototype trial production and field test were completed.The performance test and analysis were carried out for walking,rotary tillage and ditching conditions,and the results showed that the designed extended-range electric tractor was competent for the functions of traditional tractors.With the configuration,the motor output power was about 3.2 k W when the tractor walked at 4.8 km/h,about 3.75 kW when rotating tillage at 2 km/h,and about 3.3 k W when ditching at 2 km/h.Under the current battery configuration,it can support 2.2 h walking,1.9 h rotary tillage and 2.1 h ditching,and the pure electric mode can basically meet the needs of zero-emission operations in small-scale greenhouses.When continuous large load operation was required,the range extender electric tractor can start the range-extender to co-power or charge the battery.The design of the extended-range electric crawler tractor was completed,and the specific data of the electric tractor for the common working status as transporting,rotating tillage and ditching was explored.The major performance of the electric tractor,including drive system power and range extension system,was verified which provided a certain basis for the subsequent improvement and parameter optimization configuration of the extended-range electric caterpillar tractor.