广州市场近10年的龟鳖贸易状况调查研究

Investigation and Research on Chelonians Trade Status of Guangzhou in Recent Ten Years

为了掌握近年来广州市场龟鳖贸易状况及变化趋势,本研究对中国龟鳖贸易需求大、非法贸易严重的广州地区进行了10年的市场调研,结合2010至2019年广州地区查处龟鳖非法贸易案件的物证鉴定信息进行了统计分析。结果显示,2010年8月至2011年7月的专项调查记录到市场出售的龟鳖74种,其中,野生龟鳖41种,野生龟鳖个体市场占比2.01%,养殖龟鳖33种,个体市场占比97.99%,非法贸易龟鳖40种,个体市场占比3.74%;专项调查之后的8年内的不定期抽查记录到市场出售的龟鳖45种,其中,野生龟鳖18种,野生龟鳖个体市场占比1.13%,养殖龟鳖27种,个体市场占比98.87%,非法贸易龟鳖21种,个体市场占比2.29%;10年的物证鉴定案件信息统计显示,广州市场非法贸易龟鳖19种,共638只个体,其中17种龟鳖在市场调查有记录,包括养殖龟鳖7种,野生龟鳖12种,野生个体339只,占个体总数53.13%。自2010年以来,广州市场龟鳖贸易的种类及规模均呈下降趋势,龟鳖种类减少明显;宠物市场记录数据分析,养殖来源的龟鳖种类及数量市场占比上升,非法贸易龟鳖种类及数量市场占比下降,野生龟鳖种类及数量市场占比下降,但市场仍见野生龟鳖出售。相比以往广州市场调查,龟鳖非法贸易得到有效遏制。建议各主管部门进一步加强监管,消除市场龟鳖及其他野生动物的非法贸易。

[Objectives]Results of chelonian market survey can reflect the scale and trend on chelonians use as well as its supervision effect.Reports on market survey in Guangzhou show that there was a larger demand for chelonians trade as well as more serious illegal trade of chelonians in Southern China since 1990s.This study was conducted to grasp the status and changing trend of Guangzhou chelonians market trade from 2010 to 2019.[Methods]We conducted a 10-year market survey on Guangzhou market,including special investigation and random sampling inspection at different times.We used market observation and interview with market sellers to record the species,origins and individual numbers of chelonians traded in Yuehe pet market and Tianjia food market monthly during the special investigation from August 2010 to July 2011.The same methods were used totally 15 times to record the same information of chelonians trade in Yuehe pet market(9 times),Tianjia food market(4 times)and Xinfu farmer’s marke(2 times)in Taiping Town,Conghua Distric of Guangzhou during the random sampling inspection from 2012 to 2019.Besides,we collected and summarized the information of identification reports on the illegal chelonians trade confiscated in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2019.In order to investigate the variation trend of the species and quantity of turtles sold in the pet market and the ratio of the species and quantity of wild turtles,farmed turtles and illegal trade to the species and quantity of turtles sold in the market in the past 10 years,we select the survey data of August 2010,May 2011 in the Yuehe pet market and the one random survey data respectively during the random sampling inspection in the Yuehe pet market from 2012 to 2019,with time as the independent variable(X axis),and the types of turtles sold and the total number of turtles sold per market survey as well as the ratios of the types and numbers of farmed turtles sold per market survey,the types and numbers of wild turtles sold per market survey and the types and numbers of illegal trade turtles to the types and numbers of turtles sold per market survey were taken as dependent variables(Y-axis).A dot plot was made in Excel and linear regression analysis was perfomed in SPSS.[Results]In the special survey period,74 chelonian species belong to 42 genera and 12 families were found being sold in Guangzhou markets.Among them 41 species come from wild,accounting for 2.01%of the market individuals,33 species come from farm,accounting for 97.99%of the market,and 40 species are identified as illegally traded,accounting for 3.74%of the market.During the 8 years following the special investigation,45 chelonian species were sold in the market,with 18 wild species accounted for 1.13%of the market individuals,27 farmed species accounted for 98.87%of the market,and 21 illegally traded species accounted for 2.29%of the market.According to the statistics of material evidence identification cases during the 10-year period,there were 638 individuals of 19 species illegally traded in Guangzhou market with 7 farmed species,12 wild species,and 339 wild individuals,accounting for 53.13%of the total number of individuals.Besides,except Aldabrachelys gigantea and Indotestudo forstenii,the others 17 species of illegal traded turtles have been recorded in the market survey.Results of trends analysis on the chelonian species in the Yuehe pet market indicating that the market trade types of turtle species showed a decreasing trend(R2=0.865,F=51.332,P<0.001),the ratio of farmed turtle species increased(R2=0.885,F=61.481,P<0.001),the wild turtle species decreased(R2=0.885,F=61.481,P<0.001),and the illegal traded turtle species decreased(R2=0.560,F=10.179,P=0.013,Fig.1).Results of trends analysis on changes of chelonian individual quantity showed that the individual numbers of market trade turtles having a downward trend(R2=0.586,F=11.334,P=0.010),with the farmed turtles steadily increased(R2=0.713,F=19.881,P=0.002),the wild turtles showed a downward trend(R2=0.733,F=22.007,P=0.002),and the illegal traded turtles showed a downward trend(R2=0.669,F=16.160,P=0.004,Fig.2).[Conclusion]Since 2010,the trade scale of chelonian species in Guangzhou market showed a downward trend,and the number of chelonian species decreased significantly.According to the data analysis of pet market records,the proportion and quantity of turtle species from farmed sources increased,the proportion and quantity of turtle species from illegal trade decreased,and the proportion and quantity of wild turtles species decreased,although wild individuals were still sold in the market.Compared with previous market surveys in Guangzhou,these results show that the illegal chelonian trade has been effectively curbed.Although much progress seen above,we strongly propose that authorities should standardize the farmed turtle management,strengthen market supervision,and effectively eliminate the illegal trade of chelonian and other wildlife in domestic market even further.