摘要
The removal of eight typical pharmaceuticals(Ph ACs)(i.e.,ibuprofen(IBU),ketoprofen(KET),diclofenac(DIC),sulfadiazine(SD),sulfamethoxazole(SMX),trimethoprim(TMP),ciprofloxacin(CIP)and enoxacin(ENO))in sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification(Sd AD)process were firstly investigated via long-term operation of bioreactor coupled with batch tests.The results indicated that IBU and KET can be effectively removed(removal efficiency>50%)compared to other six Ph ACs in Sd AD bioreactor.Biodegradation was the primary removal route for IBU and KET with the specific biodegradation rates of 5.3±0.718.1±1.8μg g ^(-1)-VSS d ^(-1)at initial concentrations of 25-200μg/L.The biotransformation intermediates of IBU and KET were examined,and the results indicated that IBU was biotransformed to three intermediates via hydroxylation and carboxylation.KET biotransformation could be initiated from the reduction of the keto group following with a series of oxidation/reduction reactions,and five intermediates of KET were observed in this study.The microbial community composition in the system was markedly shifted when long-term exposure to Ph ACs.However,the functional microbes(e.g.,genus Thiobacillus)showed high tolerance to Ph ACs,resulting in the high efficiency for Ph ACs,N and S removal during long-term Sd AD reactor operation.The findings provide better insight into Ph ACs removal in Sd AD process,especially IBU and KET,and open up an innovative opportunity for the treatment of Ph ACs-laden wastewater using sulfur-mediated biological process.
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52000186,51922110 and 52131001)。
