公共充电基础设施对电动汽车购买的异质性影响研究

Heterogeneous Impact of Public Charging Infrastructure on Electric Vehicle Purchases

交通部门是中国最重要的碳排放源之一,交通电动化对实现双碳目标至关重要。本文以中国纯电动汽车消费为例,采集2017年1月至2020年11月中国31个省份(因数据缺失,不包含港澳台地区)充电桩数量及电动汽车销量数据构建面板固定效应模型和门槛效益模型,实证分析了不同类型公共充电基础设施对不同用途纯电动汽车购买的影响,以及不同地区温度对销量影响的门槛效应。研究发现公共充电桩数量增加1%,纯电动汽车购买量显著增加0.85%,其中出租租赁用途纯电动汽车销量显著增加1.57%。直流公共充电桩对纯电动汽车购买的影响远大于交流公共充电桩,并对不同用途的电动汽车存在异质性影响。此外,在气温更低的地方公共充电桩对纯电动汽车购买的影响更大,其显著门槛值为15摄氏度,且气温对出租租赁汽车的影响比非营业用途更大。政策制定者应合理考虑公共充电桩等基础设施的增设布局以保障电动汽车的续航能力,从而促进交通运输部门的脱碳进程。

The transportation sector is one of the most important sources of carbon emissions in China,and electrification of transportation is critical to achieving the“3060”goals.The data on the number of charging piles and electric vehicle sales in 31 provinces(Due to the lack of data,the statistical data mentioned here do not include the Tibet Autonomous Frgion,the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province.)in China from January 2017 to November 2020 was collected to construct a panel fixed effect model and a threshold benefit model,and the impact of different types of public charging infrastructure on the purchase of pure electric vehicles for different purposes,and the threshold effect of the impact of temperature on sales in different regions was empirically analyzed.The study found that the number of public charging piles increased by 1%,and the purchase of pure electric vehicles increased significantly by 0.85%,of which the sales of pure electric vehicles for rental purposes increased significantly by 1.57%.The impact of DC public charging piles on the purchase of pure electric vehicles is much greater than that of AC public charging piles,and there is a heterogeneous impact on electric vehicles for different purposes.In addition,public charging piles have a greater impact on the purchase of pure electric vehicles in places with lower temperatures,with a significant threshold value of 15°C,and the impact of temperature on rental cars is greater than for non-commercial purposes.Policy makers should rationally consider the deployment of infrastructure such as public charging piles to ensure the battery life of electric vehicles,thereby promoting the decarbonization of the transportation sector.