住宅租户保护:中德民法比较研究

Protection of Residential Tenants:A Comparison between Chinese and German Civil Laws

住宅租赁法处于合同自由和国家监管之间这一紧张关系的领域。鉴于住房对生存的重要性,供应短缺且紧张的住房市场证明了一定程度的租户保护是合理的,但也应关注其对出租人合同自由的限制。《德国民法典》对德国社会租户的保护,基本上已经证明了保护公共利益与社会安宁之意义。在中国,虽然近来租房率明显上升,尤其是大都会中心和大城市亦面临住房短缺,但仍缺乏相应的成熟的租户保护规则。《中华人民共和国民法典》大体延续了之前的法律规定,但此方面的规定仍存在空白,应予以填补。现在有迹象表明中国正在努力地加强保护租户的权利。

The residential lease law is in the area of tension between freedom of contract and national regulation.In view of the importance of housing to survival,the shortage and tight housing market justifies a certain degree of tenant protection,but attention should also be paid to its restrictions on the lessor's freedom of contract.The protection of German social tenants by the German Civil Code has basically proved the significance of protecting public interests and social harmony.In China,although the rental rate has risen significantly recently,especially in metropolitan centers and big cities,there is still a lack of mature tenant protection rules.The Civil Code of China generally continues the previous legal provisions,but there are still gaps in this aspect,which should be filled.Now there are signs that China is making efforts to strengthen the protection of the rights of tenants.