地方性知识中的生态伦理与环境保护:以藏族旅游村寨神座为例

Ecological Ethics and Environmental Protection in Local Knowledge:Take Tibetan Tourist Village Shenzuo as an Example

环境保护有赖于本土性生态知识和智慧的充分发挥。地方性知识中的生态伦理是人们在深刻认知当地生态系统的基础上,建构起的一套有利于生态环保的地方经验和习惯,是民族地区解决环境问题的重要方式和手段。通过对藏族旅游村寨神座的田野考察,深入探究了地方性知识中蕴藏的丰富生态伦理知识,进一步分析了其对生态环境保护的显著正面效应。研究发现,文字性的村规民约从现实层面上直接明确地规定了村民们的行动方式,不成文的生态习惯法则从精神层面上深刻影响村民的旅游参与行为,并形塑着村民的行为习惯。在二者的共同作用下,旅游业发展给自然环境带来的众多不良影响,例如对森林草地资源的破坏、给当地造成的卫生环境污染和土地资源占用扩大的问题得到缓解,进而走上了一条经济社会与生态环境良性互动的和谐发展之路。

Environmental protection depends on the full play of local ecological knowledge and wisdom.Ecological ethics in local knowledge is a set of local experience and habit which is conducive to ecological and environmental protection constructed by people on the basis of deep understanding of local ecosystem,and is an important way and means to solve environmental problems in minority areas.Through the field investigation of the Tibetan tourist village Shenzuo,the abundant ecological ethics knowledge contained in the local knowledge is deeply explored,and its significant positive effect on the ecological environment protection is further analyzed.The study found that the written village rules and conventions directly and explicitly stipulated the villagers′actions from the practical level,while the unwritten ecological habits law profoundly affected the villagers′tourism participation behavior from the spiritual level and shaped their behavior habits.With the joint effect of the two,many adverse impacts of tourism development on the natural environment,such as the destruction of forest and grassland resources,the pollution of local health environment and the expansion of land resource occupation,have been alleviated,and thus embarked on a road of harmonious development featuring benign interaction between economy,society,and ecological environment.