旬邑上庙遗址出土马具附着有机残留物的科学研究

Scientific study of organic residues attached to a harness unearthed from Shangmiao site in Xunyi County

为研究我国古代马具的发展及工艺,使用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜,对旬邑上庙遗址出土的一副南北朝至初唐时期马具中青铜卡带背面附着的多层有机残留物进行检测。结果显示:黑色残留物为动物皮革,老化严重,已无法判断种属及鞣制工艺;下层残留纺织物为大麻纤维平纹编织而成,其经纬线差异显著,编织密度较低。二者共同构成该件马具之鞦。研究首次发现,马具上各青铜部件间系带使用了纺织品包裹皮革的制作工艺,可见当时马具的发展已初步成熟,人们充分认识到大麻制品及动物皮革作为马具系带的特征优势,并能将二者结合使用。研究结果可为南北朝至隋唐时期中原地区马具的研究提供线索,并为该类文物的保护修复提供参考。

In order to study the development of ancient harnesses in China and their techniques of manufacture,multi-layer organic residues attached to the back of the bronze buckle in a harness(dated as coming from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty)unearthed from Shangmiao site in Xunyi County were detected using infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy.The results show that 1)the black residue is animal leather which has been seriously aged,making it impossible to judge the species of animal and the tanning process;2)the residual textile in the lower layer is made of hemp fiber in a plain weave,with a significant difference between warp and weft lines and a low weaving density.Both form the harness ties jointly.The study found for the first time that the manufacturing process of textile wrapping leather was used for the connectors of various bronze parts on the harness,demonstrating that,at that time,the development of the harness had become preliminarily mature and people fully recognized the characteristics and advantages of hemp products and animal leather as harness connectors and could combine the two.