侗族风雨桥夏季微气候适应性分析——以广西程阳八寨为例

Analysis of summer microclimate adaptation of wind and rain bridge of Dong ethnic minority:A case study of Chengyang village in Guangxi

针对侗族典型景观空间进行气候适应性规律数据化、可视化分析,对于侗族低能耗环境的构建及风雨桥的规划和保护具有重要价值。选取广西程阳八寨具有代表性的程阳桥、万寿桥,通过实测数据对比、人员活动观测、问卷调查等方法分析了微气候适应性。结果表明:桥内实测点与对照点相比,平均气温低0.70~0.82℃、平均湿度低1.05%~1.74%、平均风速高0.23~0.46 m/s,下垫面的平均温度比对照点低7.92~13.69℃,桥内外各气象因子存在显著差异;选址布局上,植被丰富、水域面积较大的区域有利于增加风雨桥湿度、提高风速;空间结构上,五重檐攒尖顶、歇山顶有利于减少太阳辐射和降低温度,且桥身较高有利于增强风速;周边环境上,建筑围合的风雨桥易形成主导风向,促进空气流动,桥内木材下垫面吸热、散热有利于调节桥内温度。

Data and visual analysis of climate adaptation law for typical landscape space of Dong people is of great significance to the construction of low energy consumption environment of Dong ethnic minority and the planning and protection of wind and rain bridges.This paper,selecting the representative Chengyang Bridge and Wanshou Bridge in Chengyang village of Guangxi,analyzes the microclimate adaption by means of comparison of measured data,observation of personnel and questionnaire survey.The results show that on the whole,the average temperature inside the bridge is 0.70-0.82℃lower than the comparison point,the average humidity is 1.05%-1.74%lower,the average wind speed is 0.23-0.46 m/s higher,the average temperature of the underlying surface is 7.92-13.69℃lower,and there are significant differences among meteorological factors inside and outside the bridge.In terms of site selection and layout,the area with rich vegetation and large water area is conducive to increasing humidity and wind speed of wind and rain bridges.In terms of spatial structure,the five-eave pavilion roof and gable-on-hip-roof are conducive to reducing solar radiation and temperature,and the high bridge is conducive to enhancing wind speed.In terms of the surrounding environment,the wind and rain bridge surrounded by buildings is easy to form a dominant wind direction,thus promoting air flow.The heat absorption and heat dissipation of the wooden underlying surface in the bridge are conducive to regulating the temperature inside the bridge.