铜离子价态对铜基催化剂光/电催化CO_(2)还原性能影响的研究进展

Research progress in effect of valence state of copper ion on photocatalytic/electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance of copper-based catalysts

在双碳目标下,实现CO_(2)光/电催化还原是缓解温室效应和提高碳资源利用率的一种前瞻性策略。然而,由于涉及多质子耦合的电子转移、碳碳偶联和氢化等过程,提高CO_(2)还原反应的转化产率和对单一产物的选择性仍然面临着重大的挑战。由于Cu与CO具有良好的结合能,因此铜基催化剂在提升CO_(2)的还原效率方面极具应用前景。本文以纳米级铜基催化剂为切入点,讨论不同价态的铜离子作光/电催化剂时,催化剂形貌、元素掺杂、与其他材料复合对CO_(2)还原过程的影响,着重论述目前研究中不同形貌、掺杂元素和复合催化剂在反应过程中对含Cu^(2+),Cu^(+),Cu^(0)三种铜离子的催化作用,以及对还原产物的选择性和相应的法拉第效率的影响,最后对铜基催化剂未来的研究重点提出一些建议,包括Cu离子价态对生成多碳产物的机理分析、高效且有单一选择性的催化剂制备、采用先进技术进行产物种类调控。

Under the dual carbon target,the realization of CO_(2)photocatalytic/electrocatalytic reduction is a forward-looking strategy to alleviate the greenhouse effect and improve the utilization of carbon resources.However,as processes involving multiproton coupling,such as electron transfer,carbon-carbon coupling and hydrogenation,improving the conversion yield of CO_(2)and the selectivity of single product still face major challenges.Due to the good binding energy between Cu and CO,copper-based catalysts have great prospects in improving the efficiency of CO_(2)reduction.Taking nano-copper-based catalysts as the starting point,the effects of catalyst morphology,element doping and composite with other materials on CO_(2)reduction process were discussed in this review,when copper ions with different valence states were used as photo/electrocatalysts.The effects of different morphologies,doped elements and composite catalysts on catalysts containing Cu^(2+),Cu^(+)and Cu^(0)in the reaction process,and on the selectivity of reduction products and the corresponding Faraday efficiency were mainly discussed.Finally,some suggestions for research of copper based catalysts were put forward,including the mechanism analysis of Cu ion valence state on the formation of multi-carbon products,the preparation of high efficiency and single selectivity catalyst,and the use of advanced technology to control the types of products.