唐大明宫少阳院方位、布局及功能补论

Discussion on the Location,Layout and Function of Shaoyangyuan in the Daming Palace City during the Tang Dynasty

唐大明宫内部有东、西两处少阳院为太子居所,都位于皇帝所寝便殿侧近。但西院事实上布局在大明宫西部皇帝诸寝殿西侧,与“少阳”这一传统东宫方位布局规则不符。又因距离皇帝寝殿甚近,在皇位传承、局势未稳的特殊时期往往受到皇帝、后党、宦官集团等多方瞩目。尤其在唐末宦官专权背景下,西院因靠近内侍别省与九仙门外禁军驻地,更易于权宦借空间之便控制皇帝与太子。东院的范围,除门下省以东,还有崇明门内的隐秘部分,后者才是太子更为稳妥安全的居所。又因其地处大明宫内东部,有追溯并复兴旧有东宫布局之意味,作为太子居所的礼仪地位日渐显著。在唐中晚期帝位传承多非正常“父死子继”的背景下,东院逐渐成为新君即位前夕用以凸显个人合法性的重要礼仪空间。

During the Tang Dynasty,there are two Shaoyang yards within the Daming Palace city and both are located in the vicinity of the inner court where the emperors reside.The West Shaoyang Yard is not in line with the tradition of the location of the crown prince's palace,which prioritize the East,but it can receive the attention from emperor,empress and eunuchs because of its better location.In the period of the Late Tang,the eunuchs find it easier to control the West Shaoyang Yard,hence the emperor and crown prince,because it is close to Neishibiesheng and the barracks of the imperial guards just outside the Jiuxian Gate.The East Shaoyang Yard not only includes the eastern part of the Menxiasheng,but also a quarter inside the Chongming Gate,and the later is the real abode for the crown prince.The Eastern location and the fact that most of the successions of the throne are not from father to son contribute to ascending status of the East Shaoyang Yard as an important ritual space for the crown prince before taking up the throne.