协商民主、公共善与辩证行动主义

Deliberative Democracy, Public Good and Dialectical Activism

协商民主的外在目标是要达致每个公民个体的美好生活,而协商民主的本质则体现为一种公共善的实现。公共善的实现需要在自我之善和社群之善、多元主义利益和基本善之间达致平衡。协商民主是一种面向公共善的认知和行动过程。辩证行动主义更加强调一种多数大众与关键少数之间的关系。特性角色在辩证行动主义中发挥重要的榜样导向功能,并在审慎性沟通的基础上开展辩证行动。同时,特性角色的榜样引导要以情境性道德为内容展开。协商民主的关键就是要对公共善进行扩展,即从特性角色扩展到每个普通公民。在这一过程中,情感和理性都需要发挥重要作用。公共善的扩展在本质上表现为一种相互承认关系,并最终要达到一种主体间的移情状态。

The external goal of deliberative democracy is to achieve better life for every individual citizen, while the essence of deliberative democracy is reflected in the realization of a public good. The realization of public good needs to achieve a balance between the good of self and the good of community, the interests of pluralism and the basic good. Deliberative democracy is a process of cognition and action oriented to public good.Dialectical activism puts more emphasis on the relationship between the majority and the key minority. The characters play an important role of example guidance in dialectical activism, and carries out dialectical action on the basis of prudent communication. At the same time, the role model guidance of characters should be carried out with situational morality as the content. The key of deliberative democracy is to expand the public good, that is, from characters to every ordinary citizen. In this process, both emotion and reason need to play an important role. The expansion of public good is essentially a kind of mutual recognition relationship, and ultimately to achieve a state of empathy between subjects.