收敛还是发散:社会经济地位影响老年人口健康的年龄--世代轨迹

Convergence or Divergence?The Age-Cohorts Trajectories of Socio-Economic Status onthe Healthofthe Elderly Population

在老龄化过程中,社会经济地位对健康的影响呈收敛还是发散趋势?这是老年人口健康不平等研究的核心问题之一。使用“中国老年人口健康状况追踪调查(CLHLS2002—2018)”数据,并采用“分层年龄—时期—世代增长曲线模型”对社会经济地位与老年人口精神健康的关系分析后发现,不同社会经济地位指标对精神健康的影响存在分层敏感性:教育方面,上过学的老年人口的精神健康水平虽然略高于未上过学的老年人口,但健康梯度未随年龄和世代变化而改变(即平行趋势);非农劳动者相对农业劳动者的健康优势随年龄增加而逐渐收敛,且在不同出生世代间保持一致;有足够经济来源的老年人口的精神健康优势随年龄增加在年轻世代间呈发散趋势,而在年老世代间呈收敛趋势。

The key issue of the research on the health inequality among the elderly population is whether the impact of socio-economic status on health tends to converge or otherwise diverge during the aging process.For exploring this issue,we use the data of“Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS2002-2018)”and the Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort Growth Curve Model(HAPC-GCM)to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health of the elderly population.We find there is a stratified sensitivity in the impact of different socio-economic status indicators on mental health.In terms of education,the mental health level of the elderly who have attended school is slightly higher than that of the elderly who did not,but the health gradient does not change with age and cohorts(parallel trend);The health advantages of non-agricultural workers over agricultural workers gradually converges with age,and remains consistent among different cohorts;The advantage of mental health of the elderly population with sufficient financial resources tends to diverge among the younger generation and converge among the older generation with the increase of age.