山东民间彩印花布的构成规律及造物美学探究

Analysis on Pattern Composition and Creation Aesthetics of Shandong Folk Color Printed Cloth

山东民间彩印花布是山东地区极具特色的民间非遗艺术,图案淳朴、构成丰富。梳理其构成规律和美学特征,可以更好地为彩印花布的传承和现代设计提供一些思路。文章以彩印花布艺术馆等代表性藏品以及书籍图片为研究样本,整理相关文献资料,对山东民间彩印花布进行探讨。研究表明:山东民间彩印花布图案包含适合纹样、单独纹样、连续纹样。适合纹样以“十字形”“米字形”为骨式,包含对称与均衡的形式法则;单独纹样大多作为彩印花布的基本元素,单一应用的比例较少;连续纹样以散点、波纹、连缀等排列形式展现出节奏感。其构图规则,一方面考虑生产效率,遵循固定的格律体构图,另一方面可以根据主题自由有序的构图。花布图案受节日习俗与儒家文化的影响,呈现出世俗化的意蕴。色彩搭配与元素造型展现出古朴大方的装饰美学特色,并且遵循着传统的形式美法则。

Shandong folk color printed cloth is a unique folk intangible cultural heritage art in Shandong,with various pat⁃terns and forms.Sorting out the composition rules and aesthetic characteristics of creation can provide some design ideas for the design of Shandong folk color printed cloth patterns,which is of great significance for the modern inheritance of color printed cloth.This paper selects 143 pieces of Shandong folk color printed calico as the sample objects from the works collected by the color printed calico art museum,Zhang Mingjian's color printed calico museum and other places,as well as the color printed cal⁃ico books,including the classic Linyi color printed calico,Jiaxiang color printed calico and Boxing color printed calico,collates relevant reference materials,and discusses Shandong folk color printed calico.The patterns of Shandong folk color printed cloth include outline patterns,independent patterns and continuous patterns.Contour patterns consist of hatch patterns,corner pat⁃terns,and edge patterns.Hatch patterns include"cross"and"meter"structures,which are displayed in reverse,arrangement,and rotation.Independent patterns act as basic units in the pattern of color printed calico,using the formal rules of symmetry and balance.The rhythm of continuous patterns is displayed by arranging them up and down,left and right.Two sides continual are mostly seen on small colored printed cloth,tablecloths,door curtains and pillows,and are decorated on the outer layer of the cen⁃tral pattern with thematic features.Fourth party continuous designs appear continuously in the long cloth,which can facilitate the cloth cutting and production without damaging the plane pattern effect.The composition forms of Shandong folk color printed cal⁃ico are divided into three types.One is that it has a fixed format due to the influence of the production technology,and uses a metrical style composition that can quickly complete the process production.The other is that the frame of the calico has a fixed metrical style,and the inner patterns are freely matched.The third is that it is completely centered on the theme and based on the traditional formal beauty rules for casual creation.The theme of Shandong folk color printed calico pattern is closely related to local folk customs and regional culture.Its pattern contains the expectations of Shandong people for health,wealth,children and longevity,and is the sustenance of the real world and the true feelings of the characters.Shandong folk color printed calico is good at using complementary colors,contrast colors and other color matching techniques as well as clear color blocks to high⁃light the pattern.The use of dots,lines and surfaces is more bold and casual,showing a simple and generous decorative aesthet⁃ics as a whole.Shandong folk color printed cloth patterns show the visual beauty of symmetry and balance,the dynamic beauty of rhythm and rhythm,and the beauty of change and unity.