马克思对黑格尔身体观的继承性批判

Marx’s critique of Hegel’s account of body

马克思与黑格尔身体观内容及其联系的澄清,有助于重估历史唯物主义理论价值。在自然观中,黑格尔以非还原主义理解身体与自然的生命始源性关系,这一理论视角为马克思继承,但马克思批判黑格尔过度抽象的思辨体系消弭身体有限性以及身体相对于自然的独立性。就对象性内容而言,持和解态度的黑格尔以身体行动、劳动等范畴表述身体主体性与他者之维,马克思肯定劳动对身体主体性的积极意义,同时揭露异化劳动的社会关系本质是身体的自然力被抽象化为依附资本的劳动力。在自由维度上,黑格尔指明身体自由的精神哲学基础是占有及其承认,马克思通过批判身体不自由的社会现实,强调扬弃资本主义私有制与建构新的占有方式是实现身体自由的历史性选择。

A clarification of the connection between Marx’s and Hegel’s account of body helps us to re-evaluate the theoretical value of historical materialism. Firstly, Hegel and Marx both believe in the relation between Body and Nature in human life, but Marx argues that the excessive abstraction and thoughtfulness of Hegelianism eliminates the finiteness and independence of Body. Secondly, Hegel and Marx both declare that Body subjectivity should be addressed in Gegenst ndlichkeit containing Labour and Community, but Hegel intends to make reconciliation while Marx prefers to criticize the contradiction. Lastly, Hegel emphasizes that the recognition of property rights is essential for the liberty of Body, and Marx claims that the abolition of private ownership is the key to freedom of Body.