基于地质建造的西南山区生态地质编图探索与实践——以邛海—泸山地区为例

Exploration and practice of compilation of ecological geology series maps based on geological formations research,mountainous region in Southwest China——Exemplified by Qionghai-Lushan area,western margin of the Yangtze block

地质作用是形成区域生态环境格局的重要驱动力之一,岩石圈表层地质建造是土壤圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈的载体,制约着地形地貌、水文地质、土壤物理化学性质以及地质灾害等生态地质条件,进而对整体的生态平衡起着重要的作用。生态地质研究在于探索生态环境与地质条件之间的联系,从地质学的视角,探寻生态系统运行与演化机制。本文在四川邛海—泸山地区生态地质调查实践中,探索了一套适用于西南山区的土壤地质图、生态地质剖面和生态地质图等生态地质系列图件的编制方法。研究认为,生态地质系列图件应是岩石圈-土壤圈-生物圈等多圈层融合的地球表层系统在地质图上的反映,其表达内容主要包括:作为生态环境物质基础的地表基质层(岩石圈和土壤圈)的生态功能属性、地表覆盖的生态系统和人类活动的现状和展布、生态地质单元的生态功能属性等。基于地质建造和地表基质层的生态地质系列图件,能系统地反映研究区地球表层系统中各生态地质要素的现状、特征、展布和交互关系,为生态保护修复及国土空间用途管制提供地球科学依据。

The geological action and its evolution are important driving forces for the formation of regional ecological environment pattern.The surface geological constructions of lithosphere formed by geological action is the carrier of soil circle,water circle,atmosphere and biosphere.Geological construction restricts geological disasters and topography,hydrogeological conditions,soil physical and chemical properties,and thus plays an important role in the overall ecological balance.The ecological geology survey,which takes geological construction as the research unit,returns to the foundation,traces the origin,builds the bridge between ecological environment and geological conditions,and explores the mechanism of ecosystem operation and evolution from the perspective of geology.In the practice of ecological geological survey based on geological construction in the Daliangshan area,this paper explored a set of compilation methods of soil geological maps,ecological geological profile maps,and ecological geological maps,other ecological geology series maps based on the study of formations,which are suitable for southern mountainous areas.It is considered that the ecological geological series maps should be the reflection of the earth’s surface system with the integration of lithosphere,pedosphere and biosphere:one is to express the distribution and characteristics of the surface matrix layer(lithospheric surface and pedosphere)as the material basis of the ecological environment;the second is to express the current situation and distribution of the ecosystem and human activities covered by the surface;the third is to express the ecological function attributes of each ecological geological unit.The compilation of ecological geological series maps based on the study of geological formations can systematically reflect the current situation,characteristics,distribution and interaction of ecological geological elements in the earth surface system in the study area.It is an expansion of the service field of geological survey results,endows the existing geological survey results with new life,and provides a geoscience basis for ecological protection and restoration and land and space use control.