升麻药材化学成分及药理作用研究进展

Research progress on chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Cimicifugae Rhizoma

升麻在我国有着悠久的药用历史,具有发表透疹、清热解毒、升举阳气功效,中医临床常用于治疗风热感冒、发热头痛、麻疹不透、齿痛、口疮、咽喉肿痛、阳毒发斑、气虚下陷、胃下垂、久泻脱肛、子宫脱垂、肾下垂、崩漏下血。是一味既具有升浮药性,又具有沉降药性的代表药物。由于升麻属植物资源分布广且品种繁多,为深入开展升麻升降浮沉药性物质基础及作用机制研究,根据中医临床用药传统,以《中国药典》收载的升麻基原品种为研究对象,分别以“升麻”“Cimicifuga heracleifolia”“Cimicifuga dahurica”“Cimicifuga foetida”为检索词,检索1990—2021年在中国知网、PubMed数据库中的相关研究文献,共检索到国内外文献1075篇,筛除非药典基原品种研究文献后,纳入有效文献156篇,对近30年来《中国药典》基原品种升麻的化学成分及药理作用研究进展进行总结和归纳,提出传统中药升麻的升降浮沉药性研究应在中医药理论指导下,选用《中国药典》2020年版收载的升麻基原品种,紧密结合升麻的传统中医功效主治进行药性物质基础及作用机制研究,对于弘扬中医药特色,进一步揭示升麻升降浮沉药性的科学内涵具有重要的价值。

Shengma(Cimicifugae Rhizoma)has a long application history in clinic,with the effect of releasing the exterior and promoting rash eruption by dispersing,heat-clearing and detoxifying,and raising yang qi.It is commonly used for the treatment of wind-heat cold,fever,headache,promoting eruption,toothache,aphtha,sore throat,yang poisoning and spotting,qi deficiency and sinking,gastroptosis,prolonged diarrhea and prolapse of anus,metroptosis,nephroptosis,and metrorrhagia.It is a representative drug with both ascending and descending medicinal properties.The genus Actaea plants are widely distributed in China,to study the material basis of the medicinal properties and the mechanism of Cimicifugae Rhizoma,in this paper,we searched the relevant literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases from 1990 to 2021 according to the tradition of clinical medication of traditional Chinese medicine,using"Cimicifugae Rhizoma","Cimicifuga heracleifolia","Cimicifuga dahurica"and"Cimicifuga foetida"as search terms,and a total of 1075 literatures were retrieved.After screening and excluding the literature on the non-pharmacopeia-based source,156 valid papers were included to summarize the progress of the research on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects in the past 30 years.It is proposed that the research about the ascending and descending medicinal properties of Cimicifugae Rhizoma should be guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.It is of great value to study the material basis of the medicinal properties and the mechanism of Cimicifugae Rhizoma,which is closely related to the traditional Chinese medical efficacy of Cimicifugae Rhizoma,in order to promote the characteristics of Chinese medicine and further reveal the scientific connotation of the medicinal properties of Cimicifugae Rhizoma.