致衰不过精血俱耗,治衰不离补精养形--朱丹溪论治精血虚衰思想初探

Aging Results from Essence and Blood Declination, Treated by Nourishing Essence and Strengthening Physics--Investigation on Diagnosis and Treatment Thoughts of Essence and Blood Declination of ZHU Danxi

“精血虚衰”理论及由此衍生的“补精养形”之学术思想在中医药防治衰老与老年病的历史长河中地位斐然。金元四大家之朱丹溪承接《黄帝内经》“阴虚致衰”的学术精髓,确立了“精血俱耗致衰”学说,开启了“补精养形治衰”之先河。临床上强调味厚以补精,针对精血虚衰之老年病擅用大量味厚之品;重视温存以养形,倡导老年人温存养气、保全形体的养生之法,提示了在老年病的防治中补益精血与温存养形的缺一不可性。文章先溯“精”与“精血”之源,后基于丹溪《格致余论》中“精血虚衰”的核心学术理论,凝练丹溪“精血俱耗乃衰老之本”的学术精髓以及由此开创的“补精养形”之治衰大法,无疑对后世医家产生了深远的影响。

The theory of “essence and blood declination” and the derived academic thought of “nourishing essence and strengthening physics” play prominent roles in the long history of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of aging and geriatric diseases.ZHU Danxi, one of the four masters of Jin and Yuan Dynasties, inherited the academic essence of “Yin deficiency casused aging” in Huangdi Neijing,established the theory of “aging results from essence and blood declination”,and opened the precedent of “treating aging by nourishing essence and strengthening physics”.Clinically, it emphasized nourishing essence with traditional Chinese medicine of thick taste, as a large number of thick tastes were used for geriatric diseases with deficiency of essence and blood;and paid attention to taking good care tomaintain body, which advocated the way of health of rest and recuperate Qi to nourish body, suggesting that both nourishing essence and blood and rest and recuperate to strengthen physics are indispensable in the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases.This paper first traced the source of “essence” and “essence and blood”,and then based on the core academic theory of “essence and blood declination” in Danxi′s Gezhi Yulun,condensed the academic essence of “aging caused by essence and blood declination” and thus created major method of “nourishing essence and strengthening physics” to treat its declination, which undoubtedly had a far-reaching influence on later physicians.