数字环境下图书馆孤儿作品合理使用规则设计研究

On the Design of Fair Use Rules of Orphan Works in Library under Digital Environment

当前全球孤儿作品存量巨大,这些孤儿作品具有很高的文化价值,若不能被利用,将造成资源的极大浪费。数字环境下图书馆利用孤儿作品面临成本高昂和立法不足的挑战。国外孤儿作品利用法律规制模式可归纳为限制救济、强制许可、特定限制以及延伸许可四种模式。在对上述四种模式进行评析基础上发现,图书馆等公共文化机构利用孤儿作品的理想模式应为合理使用模式。我国图书馆利用孤儿作品合理使用规则的构建应注重使用主体、使用目的、使用对象、使用前提、使用方式以及使用审查六个方面,并努力确保版权人和社会公众之间的利益平衡。

At present,there is a huge stock of orphan works with high cultural value in the world.The resources would be wasted if they are not used.Libraries using orphan works in digital environment faces the challenge of high cost and insufficient legislation.The legal regulation of foreign orphan works can be divided into four modes:restrictive relief,compulsory license,specific restriction and extended license.By analyzing the four modes in detail,the author points out that the ideal mode for libraries and public cultural institutions using orphan works should be the fair use mode.The fair use rules for library using orphan works in China should focus on the following 6 aspects:subject,purpose,object,premise,way and examination of use.Besides,the balance of interests between the copyright and the public should be ensured.