功能磁共振成像在慢性肾脏病诊断中的研究进展

Research Progress of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease

全球慢性肾脏病发病率不断攀升,已成为我国的一个重要公共健康问题。慢性肾脏病的防治面临严峻挑战,早期临床管理及干预越来越受到重视。慢性肾脏病进展过程中伴随肾脏微循环状态的改变、组织缺氧等,最终发展为肾组织纤维化。目前临床上组织活检仍是评估肾纤维化的“金标准”,但其有创性限制了该技术的广泛应用。随着磁共振技术的发展,功能磁共振成像(Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,f MRI)技术能测量肾脏微循环改变的病理生理过程,具有无创、稳定、可重复的特点,可反映肾组织纤维化进展及病理生理学信息,评估肾脏病进展,应用前景良好。本文对f MRI技术在评估慢性肾脏病肾组织微循环改变,以及纤维化程度评估方面的研究进行综述,旨在为临床采用f MRI诊断慢性肾脏病提供理论依据。

The global incidence of chronic kidney disease is rising and has become an important public health problem in China.The prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease is facing severe challenges,and early clinical management and intervention are receive more and more attention.The progression of chronic kidney disease is accompanied by changes in the state of renal microcirculation and tissue hypoxia,which eventually develops into renal tissue fibrosis.At present,tissue biopsy is still the“gold standard”in clinical evaluation of renal fibrosis,but its invasiveness limits the widespread use of this technique.With the development of magnetic resonance technology,functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)technology can measure the pathophysiological process of renal microcirculation changes,which is non-invasive,stable and repeatable,and can reflect the progress of renal tissue fibrosis and pathophysiology information.To evaluate the progress of kidney disease,the application prospect is good.In this paper,we review studies of fMRI techniques in assessing the degree of microcirculation and fibrosis in kidney tissue in chronic kidney disease,aiming to provide theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis on chronic kidney disease using fMRI.