地下资源开采与诱发地震:现状与进展

Underground resource exploiting and induced earthquake:State and progress

页岩气、地热等清洁能源正成为全球能源开发日益重要的组成部分,也是我国未来能源产量增长的主体,对保障能源资源安全、支撑双碳目标意义重大。然而随着页岩气、地热等地下工业开采活动规模的不断扩大,由此引发的地震灾害问题正日益受到人们的关注。强化工业活动与诱发地震关系研究、管控相关诱发地震灾害风险成为全球面临的重要课题和挑战。基于此,笔者等调研了工业活动诱发地震的全球典型案例,系统介绍了不同国家(美国、加拿大和韩国)工业活动诱发地震的现状及其差异,并对流体注入诱发地震的主要途径、物理机制、相关作业参数和诱发地震关系等做了全面的综述。发现诱发地震不仅与流体注入参数(体积、速率等)相关,还受控于特定的区域地质背景和断裂条件。合理管控地震灾害风险、促进相关能源的开采,应该统筹开采区地质地球物理的综合调查和开采过程的动态监测。

Clean energy such as the Shale gas and geotherm is becoming an increasingly important part of global energy exploiting and has been a major growth point of China future energy output,which would exert positive effect on ensuring energy security and peaking carbon emissions and carbon neutral.However,the induced earthquakes caused by underground industrial exploiting is increasingly attracting people's attention.Understanding the relationship between industrial activity and induced earthquake and managing the seismic risk of induced earthquake have been important project and challenge for the current world.Therefore,this study surveys the global typical cases of induced earthquakes and introduces their basic characteristics and differences among different countries.Also,the main manner,physical mechanism and the relationship with fluid injection of induced earthquake are analyzed and summarized.We suggest that the induced earthquake is not only closely related with the fluid injection itself,but also is controlled and determined by the local geology and fault condition.