2016—2021年南部县手足口病流行病学和病原学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Nanbu County from 2016 to 2021

目的 了解2016—2021年南部县手足口病流行特征,对手足口病病原学特征进行分析,为手足口病的科学防控提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统导出南部县2016年1月1日—2021年12月31日报告的所有手足口病病例,对导出的病例采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析,率的比较采用卡方检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2016—2021年南部县累计报告本地手足口病病例2 698例,未报告重症病例和死亡病例,年均发病率为36.16/10万,呈现隔年上升的特点。2016—2019和2021年发病数呈现双峰分布,5—7月达到第1个高峰,9—11月达到第2个高峰,2020年仅于9—10月出现单峰。手足口病年均发病率城区高于乡镇;病例主要分布在≤4岁儿童,发病数2 554例,占病例数的94.66%;以散居儿童和托幼儿童为主。病原学以其他肠道病毒为优势毒株,占确诊病例的59.89%。结论 2016—2021年南部县手口足病年均报告发病率低于四川省手足口病年均发病率,发病具有以4岁及以下儿童为主、病原学以其他肠道病毒为优势毒株的特征。南部县手足口病的防控应加大幼儿养护等人员的健康教育力度,做好城乡适龄儿童接种EV 71疫苗;同时加强病原监测工作,针对优势毒株采取相应防控措施。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Nanbu County from 2016 to 2021,and to analyze the pathogenic characteristics of HFMD,so that to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of HFMD.Methods All cases of HFMD reported in Nanbu County from January 1,2016 to December 31,2021 were derived through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis of the derived cases.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates.The test level was α=0.05.Results From 2016 to 2021,a total of 2 698 local cases of HFMD were reported in Nanbu County,and no serious cases and death cases were reported.The average annual incidence was 36.16/105,showing the characteristics of rising every other year.From 2016 to 2019 and 2021,it showed a bimodal distribution,reaching the first peak from May to July,reaching the second peak from September to November,and only a single peak from September to October in 2020.The average annual incidence rate of HFMD in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas.The cases were mainly distributed in children≤4 years old,with 2 554cases,accounting for 94.66% of the cases;mainly scattered children and nursery children.Other enteroviruses were the dominant strains in etiology,accounting for 59.89% of the confirmed cases.Conclusions The reported annual average reported incidence rate of HFMD in Nanbu County from2016 to 2021 is lower than that in Sichuan Province.The incidence is mainly in children under4 years old,and the etiology is characterized by other enteroviruses as dominant strains.The prevention and control of HFMD in Nanbu County should strengthen the health education of child care personnel and do a good job in vaccinating urban and rural school-age children with EV 71vaccine;at the same time,strengthen the pathogen monitoring and take corresponding prevention and control measures against the dominant strains.