2020年镇江市丹徒区洪涝灾害后血吸虫病传播风险评估

Assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk after flood disasters in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City in 2020

目的 评估2020年长江流域洪涝灾害对下游沿江地区血吸虫病传播风险的影响,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法 选择镇江市丹徒区沿江4个乡镇的8个重点环境作为评估区域,于2021年对螺情、人畜病情、环境野粪、放牧及野鼠感染等开展调查,综合分析评估洪灾后血吸虫病传播的风险程度。结果 在8个环境中,共查出有螺面积60.60hm~2,活螺密度在0.51~2.07只/0.1m~2之间,无感染性钉螺;共发现野粪155份,未查到阳性野粪;共捕获野鼠8只,无阳性。4个村居民血清学检查阳性率为3.71%,船民阳性率23.68%,未查出粪检阳性病人;共检查家畜177头(只),无阳性家畜。8个环境中,属中等传播风险的为5个,低传播风险的为3个。结论 2020年长江流域洪灾后,长江下游血吸虫病传播风险有所上升,建议加强江滩环境的螺情监测与控制,并加强江滩禁牧及人群健康教育等综合性防控措施,降低血吸虫病传播风险。

Objective To evaluate the impact of the flood disasters in the Yangtze River Basin on the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control in countermeasures.Methods A total of 8 key environments in 4 towns/counties of Dantu District were selected as assessment areas.The snail situation,human and animal diseases,environmental wild feces and the infection during grazing and in wild rats were investigated.Comprehensive analysis was made to assess the risk degree of schistosomiasis transmission after flood disasters.Results The snail area was 60.60 hm2 in8 environments.The live snail density ranged from 0.51 to 2.07 per 0.1 m2.No infectious snails were found.A total of 155 pieces of wild feces were collected,and no positive wild feces were detected.A total of 8 wild rats were captured,and none were positive.The serological positive rate of residents in the 4 villages was 3.71%,and the positive rate of fishermen was 23.68%.No positive stool examination was found.A total of 177 livestock were examined,and no positive livestock were found.Among the 8 environments,5 had medium transmission risk and 3 had low transmission risk.Conclusions The risk of schistosomiasis transmission increased in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River after the flood disasters in 2020.It is suggested to strengthen the monitoring and control of snail situation in the riverbank environment,and strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control measures such as banning grazing and population health education.