基于几何形态测量学的磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯对鲢仔鱼形态影响研究

GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SILVER CARP LARVAE AFTER EXPOSURE TO TDCIPP

为了解磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCIPP)对鲢仔鱼生长抑制性在外部形态上的表现性状,研究基于几何形态测量学方法对0.05、0.5、5和50μg/L共4个浓度组与对照组进行组间形态性状差异比较分析。利用PLYMPLUS系统获取鲢仔鱼样本图像信息并测量体长,利用万分电子天平称量体重,使用TPS系列软件提取坐标点数据,并通过Morpho J软件完成主成分分析、典型变量分析及结果可视化。除0.05μg/L浓度组外,其他浓度组鲢仔鱼的体长、体重均显著低于对照组,表明TDCIPP对鲢仔鱼的生长发育具有抑制效应。主成分分析和典型变量分析结果显示,第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)共占总体变量的62.15%(分别为47.64%和14.51%);第一典型变量(CV1)和第二典型变量(CV2)共占总体变量的79.48%(分别为54.55%和24.93%),满足用于鲢仔鱼形态分析的要求。网格轮廓分析结果显示,各浓度组鲢仔鱼平均形态均与对照组间存在显著差异(P<0.05),并且主要表现为头部、躯干纵轴和尾部发育迟缓。

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCIPP),widely used as a kind of organophosphorus flame retardant,has been detected in the Yangtze River water environments.Many toxicological assessments have shown that TDCIPP could change morphology of fish.Silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)lives in the Yangtze River for its entire life story,however,the effects of TDCIPP on silver carp is unclear.In order to clarify the main morphological characters of growth inhibition of silver carp larvae caused by TDCIPP,the present study analyzed the morphological traits between four environmentally relevant concentrations(0.05,0.5,5 and 50μg/L)and the control group by geometric morphometric analysis.After the image information of larvae simple was obtained,the body length and body weight were measured.Then,digitization of landmarks was carried out with the TPS series software.Finally,principal component analysis(PCA),canonical variates analysis(CVA)and results visualization were carried out with Morpho J software.The body length and body weight of silver carp larvae decreased significantly under exposure to 0.5,5 and 50μg/L of TDCIPP compared with the control group,but no effects were observed in 0.05μg/L.This indicated that environmentally relevant concentrations of TDCIPP induced growth inhibition in silver carp larvae.The results of PCA and CVA indicated that the first principal component(PC1)and the second principal component(PC2)together accounted for 62.15%of the overall variables(47.36%and 14.51%,respectively).The first canonical variates(CV1)and the second canonical variates(CV2)together accounted for 79.48%(54.55%and 24.93%,respectively),which satisfied the requirement of morphological analysis of silver carp larvae.The results of grid profile analysis indicated that the average morphology of silver carp larvae in different concentrations was significantly different with the control group(P<0.05),which identified by the growth retardation of the head,longitudinal axis of body and tail.As a conclusion,TDCIPP could induce the growth retardation of head,longitudinal axis of body and tail in silver carp larvae.Therefore,attentions should be paid to the environmental concentrations of TDCIPP in the Yangtze River Basin,and the ecological risk of TDCIPP to the replenishment of silver carp population resources should be assessed.