摘要
采煤造成黄河流域一带生态环境问题日趋严重。为了探明采煤扰动对黄河流域一带土壤因子及微生物群落的扰动特征,阐明采煤沉陷边缘区域与未开采区域土壤微生物群落的差异性,以内蒙古上湾煤矿为研究区,选择以沉陷边缘区作为起始区域(HD),向未开采区进行等距取样。选择距沉陷边缘区150(D1)、300(D2)、450(D3)、600(D4)及750 m(D5)作为采样点,测定营养指标、土壤酶及土壤C∶N∶P化学计量特征3种土壤因子和微生物群落特征。结果表明,边缘沉陷区与未开采区土壤因子及微生物多样性的差异主要集中在距边缘沉陷区较近(小于300 m)的未开采区。在靠近边缘沉陷区,全氮、土壤有机质含量以及细菌丰度产生不同程度下降,速效钾、碳氮比(C/N)、蔗糖酶及磷酸酶活性有不同程度上升。群落组成方面,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度在未开采区随距离呈现先增大后降低趋势,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)表现为边缘沉陷区高于未开采区;Phaeosphaeriaceae、毛壳菌科(Chaetomiaceae)相对丰度表现为边缘沉陷区显著高于未开采区。研究发现,边缘沉陷区对未开采区的影响主要集中在近边缘沉陷区域(小于300 m)。细菌及真菌多样性对土壤因子的变化较为敏感,关键种群与土壤因子有不同程度的相关性,在未来人工修复的工作中应重点关注边缘沉陷区及其对未开采区的影响,对重点影响区域介入人工手段,从而实现更好的修复效果。
The ecological problems caused by coal mining in Yellow River Basin are becoming more serious.In order to explore the influence characteristics of coal mining disturbance on soil factors and microbial community in Yellow River Basin,and to clarify the differences in soil microbial communities between the marginal coal mining subsidence area and the unmined area,equidistant sampling was performed from the marginal subsidence area,the start point(HD),to the unmined area in the study area of Shangwan Mine in Inner Mongolia.Specifically,sampling points at 150(D1),300(D2),450(D3),600(D4)and 750 m(D5)from the marginal subsidence area were selected to measure the three soil factors(nutrient indicators,soil enzymes and soil C∶N∶P stoichiometric characteristics)and the microbial communities.The results show that the difference of soil factors and microbial diversity between the marginal subsidence area and the unmined area is mainly concentrated in the unmined area closer to the marginal subsidence area(less than 300 m).The total nitrogen,organic matter,and bacterial abundance of soil decrease in varying extent in the region near the marginal subsidence area,while the available potassium,carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N),and the activity of sucrase and phosphatase increase in varying extent.Regarding the composition of microbial community,the relative abundance of Acidobacteria in the unmined area increases at first and then decreases with the increasing of distance.The relative abundance of Chloroflexi in the marginal subsidence area is higher than that in the unmined area.Further,the relative abundances of Phaeosphaeriaceae and Chaetomiaceae in the marginal subsidence area are significantly higher than that in the unmined area.It is found through the study that the influence of the marginal subsidence area on the unmined area is mainly concentrated within the area close to the marginal subsidence area(within 300 m).The diversities of bacteria and fungi are more sensitive to soil factors.Besides,the key taxa are correlated with the soil factors in varying degrees.In the future,more attention should be paid in the artificial restoration to the marginal subsidence areas and its influence on unmined areas,and the artificial means should be applied to the key affected areas,so as to achieve a better restoration effect.
作者
宋子恒
刘刚
孙丽平
王菲
郭俊廷
SONG Ziheng;LIU Gang;SUN Liping;WANG Fei;GUO Junting(State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining,Beijing 100011,China;Shenhua Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 719315,China;China Energy Technology and Economics Research Institute,Beijing 102211,China)
出处
《煤田地质与勘探》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期95-102,共8页
Coal Geology & Exploration
基金
国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(72088101)
煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室自主研发基金项目(GJNY-18-77)。
关键词
采煤沉陷区
土壤理化性状
微生物群落
高通量测序
生态化学计量
coal mining subsidence area
soil physiochemical properties
microbial community
high-throughput sequencing
ecological stoichiometry