基于降温幅度和降温范围平衡的城市公园蓝绿空间影响因子及设计优化研究

Study on the Influence Factors and Design Optimization of Urban Park Blue-Green Space Based on the Balance of Cooling Range and the Scale of Drop in Temperature

以北京市三环内38个面积大于0.01 km^(2)的城市公园为研究对象,利用北京市地表温度数据,结合人工数字化提取公园中蓝绿空间斑块,以降温幅度和降温范围2个指标量化公园降温效益,研究公园蓝绿空间特征与公园内部及周围热环境的关系。研究发现公园绿地面积占比、绿地形状指数与绿地破碎度指数是影响公园降温幅度的主要因子,公园水体面积占比和水体破碎度指数是影响公园降温范围的重要因子,绿地聚集度指数、水体形状指数和水体聚集度指数对公园降温幅度和降温范围影响较小。此外,通过对比分析有无水体和面积不同的公园降温效益差异性,提出周边影响最大型和内部影响最大型2种公园降温模式和各自特征,并结合实际案例进行分析讨论,旨在为平衡城市公园的降温幅度和降温范围提供蓝绿空间优化设计的建议。

Taking 38 urban parks with an area larger than 0.01 km^(2) in the Third Ring Road of Beijing as the research objects,based on the surface temperature data of Beijing and the artificial digital extraction of blue-green space patches in the park,the cooling benefits of the park are quantified by the scale of drop in temperature and cooling range,and the relationship between the blue-green space of the park and the thermal environment inside and around the park is researched.It is found that the proportion of park green,the landscape shape index and landscape division index are the main factors affecting the scale of drop in temperature.The proportion of park water and landscape division index are the important factors affecting the park cooling range,while the green aggregation index,water shape index and aggregation index have less impact on the scale of drop in temperature and cooling range of park.In addition,the differences of cooling benefits of parks with different water bodies and areas are analyzed and compared.Two types of parks and their respective characteristics are proposed,which have the largest outside impact and the largest internal impact.The design is carried out in combination with actual cases,aiming to provide suggestions for the optimization design of blue-green space for balancing the scale of drop in temperature and cooling range of urban parks.