历史城市的传统空间演变——以北京戏园观演空间为例

Evolution of Traditional Spaces in Historical Cities:Taking the Beijing Opera Gardens as an Example

京戏观演是北京城中具有代表性的文化聚集现象,其物质空间的演变代表着本土文化的选择。以北京戏园这一谱系为研究对象,选取有准确史料记载的北京戏园为样本,对其观演空间的前后面貌进行梳理分析和对比,发现自酒楼开始到成熟的戏园形态,再至20世纪的改良剧场,其内部观演空间在不断更新的过程中明显存在功能、形态、习俗的传递现象。最后透过建筑本质研究其社会背景,认为近代以来,以戏园为代表的北京传统剧场观演空间的演变一定程度上是市民在社会更迭中的观念表达,体现了中国本土文化和外来文化在碰撞、冲突、转化过程中的空间实践。

Beijing Opera is a representative cultural aggregation phenomenon in Beijing,and the evolution of its material space represents the choice of local culture.Taking the genealogy of the old Beijing Opera Gardens as the research object,the Beijing Opera Gardens with accurate historical records as a sample are selected,and the changing of the performance space form is analyzed and compared.From the beginning of the restaurant to the mature theater form,and then to the new theater in the 20th century,there is an obvious transmission of functions,forms,and customs in the internal viewing space during the continuous updating process.Finally,through the essence of architecture,the broad social background is analyzed,and it is believed that in modern times,the evolution of the traditional theater viewing space in Beijing represented by the Opera Gardens,is to a certain extent the expression of the public's concept in social change,reflecting the spatial practice of the collision,conflict and transformation process of China's native culture and foreign culture.