新疆白石峰国家森林公园野生药用种子植物资源综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Wild Medicinal Seed Plant Resources in Xinjiang Hitestone-peak National Forest Park

为保护和合理利用野生药用植物资源,采用统计学方法、文献查阅法、赋值变量公式法从多角度对新疆白石峰国家森林公园药用植物多样性进行分类统计、分析和赋值评价。结果表明:该研究区药用植物200种,隶属于48科145属;按药用功效,药用植物可归为13种类型,清热药最多,占41.0%;入药部位有8种类型,全草类和根类植物种较多,分别占53.0%和23.5%;生活型有草本、灌木、乔木和藤本4类,草本最多,占87.0%;属的分布区类型划分为13个分布区和8个变型分布区,以北温带和旧世界温带分布区(含变型)为主,两者占63.5%;野生药用植物资源综合价值等级高(SVMP≥2.5)、较高(SVMP为2.0~2.5)、一般(SVMP为1.5~2.0)和较低(SVMP<1.5)分别有7、103、50、40种,分别占总种数的3.5%、51.5%、25.0%和20.0%,约有110种药用植物具有较高的综合价值。该研究区药用植物种类丰富,以清热解毒功效、草本生活型、北温带分布等为特色。建议要加大对受威胁药用植物的野生抚育和仿野生栽培,以扩大其种群数量。

In order to protect and rationally utilize wild medicinal plant resources,the classification statistics,literature review and variable assignment formula were used to analyze and evaluate the diversity of medicinal plants in Xinjiang Hitestone-peak National Forest Park.The results showed that there were 200 species of medicinal plants in the study area,belonging to 48 families and 145 genera;according to the medicinal effect,the medicinal plants could be classified into 13 types,heat-clearing drugs were the most,accounting for 41.0%;there were 8 types of medicinal parts,among which,whole herba and root plants were more than others,and accounted for 53.0%and 23.5%,respectively;the living types were herbs,shrubs,trees and vines,and herbs were the most,accounting for 87.0%;the distribution area of plants in genus level was divided into 13 distribution areas and 8 variation areas,the north temperate zone and old world temperate zone(including variation)were the main distribution areas,which accounted for 63.5%;there were 7,103,50 and 40 species of highest(SVMP≥2.5),higher(SVMP 2.0-2.5),normal(SVMP 1.5-2.0)and lower(SVMP<1.5)of the comprehensive value of wild medicinal plant resources,accounting for 3.5%,51.5%,25.0%and 20.0%,respectively,and about 110 kinds of medicinal plants had high comprehensive value.The study area is rich in medicinal plants,which are characterized by the function of clearing heat and detoxifying,herbal life type and the north temperate zone distribution.It is suggested to increase the wild tending and imitation wild cultivation of threatened medicinal plants,so that to expand their population.