吉林省中部黑土区玉米秸秆还田主要技术模式应用效益分析

Application Benefit Analysis of Main Technical Modes of Corn Straw Returning to Field in Black Soil Area of Central Jilin Province

2018—2021年吉林省实施第二批黑土地保护利用试点项目,在包括公主岭市、梨树县等在内的中部黑土区推广玉米秸秆覆盖条带旋耕种植、玉米秸秆全量深翻还田、玉米秸秆堆沤培肥等技术模式,技术实施后,项目区内土层平均厚度为28.67 cm,土壤有机质平均含量提高3.25%,秸秆还田率达71%,玉米平均增产773 kg/hm2,累计增收4.1209亿元。可以看出,以保护性耕作为主的秸秆还田技术模式对提高土壤有机质含量、提升黑土地质量、改善生态环境和提高农民收入起到了重要作用。

From 2018 to 2020,Jilin Province implemented the second batch of pilot projects for the protection and utilization of black soil land,and popularized the technical modes including rotary tillage planting with corn stalks covered in strips,deep ploughing and whole amount of corn stalks returning to field,and composting of corn stalks.After the implementation of the technology,the average soil thickness in the project area was 28.67 cm,the average content of soil organic matter increased by 3.25%,the straw returning rate was 71%,the average yield increased 773 kg/hm2,and the accumulated increase of income was 412.09 million yuan.Therefore,the technical mode of straw returning to field based on conservation tillage plays an important role in increasing soil organic matter content,improving black soil quality,improving the ecological environment and increasing farmers′income.