牛病毒性腹泻病毒检测方法研究进展

The Progress of the Detection Methods of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

牛病毒性腹泻病(bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染导致的传染病。该病会导致牛生产性能下降,给全球养牛业带来严重的经济损失。BVD的临床表现和病理变化与其他牛源腹泻病毒病相似,因此有必要根据不同的条件选择快速高效的BVDV诊断方法,及时采取措施阻断BVDV在牛群间、BVDV持续感染牛(persistently infected,PI)与健康牛之间传播,减少BVDV对养牛业造成的经济损失。用于BVDV检测的方法很多,主要有病毒分离鉴定、荧光定量RT-PCR、RT-PCR、环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)、重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(RPA)、胶体金免疫检测技术(GICT)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、抗原捕获ELISA(AC-ELISA)、间接免疫荧光法(IFA)等。近年一些新兴技术和优化的方法被应用于BVDV的检测,如抗体液相芯片技术、CRISPR-LwCas13a系统、双重纳米RT-PCR法等,均具有特异性强和灵敏度高等优点。作者从抗原、抗体两个方面总结了BVDV检测方法的研究进展,并比较各检测方法的优缺点,便于各级兽医研究机构和生产单位根据实际情况选择合适高效的BVDV检测方法,以期为BVD的流行病学调查和防治提供参考依据。

Bovine viral diarrhea(BVD)is an infectious disease caused by Bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV)infection.BVD will lead to the decrease of animal performance and economic losses in global cattle industry.The clinical symptoms and pathological changes of BVD are similar to other bovine-derived diarrhea virus diseases.Therefore,it is necessary to select a fast and efficient BVDV diagnosis method according to different conditions,then take immediate measures to block BVDV transmission between cattle,between PI cattle and healthy cattle,so as to reduce the economic losses caused by BVDV to the cattle industry.There are many methods for BVDV detection,mainly include virus isolation and identification,Real-time quantitative RT-PCR,RT-PCR,loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA),colloidal gold immunodetection technology(GICT),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),antigen capture ELISA(AC-ELISA),indirect immunofluorescence(IFA),etc.In recent years,some new technologies and optimal methods have been applied to the detection of BVDV,such as antibody liquid chip technology,CRISPR-LwCas13a,dual nano RT-PCR method,all of which have the advantages of strong specificity and high sensitivity.The author summarizes research progress of BVDV detection methods in two aspects of antigen detection and antibody detection,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each detection method.It will be convenient for veterinary research institutions and departments at all levels to select appropriate and efficient BVDV detection methods according to the actual situation,so as to provide a reference for the epidemiological investigation and prevention of BVD in China.