括号与汪曾祺小说的语言平衡

The Use of Parentheses and the Language Balance of Wang Zengqi’s Novels

括号的使用贯穿汪曾祺小说写作始终,是其小说显著的行文特征之一。但由于括号表面看来无足轻重,以往的研究者始终没有给予其足够的关注。事实上,相对于鲁迅等中国现代作家,汪曾祺对此符号的运用方式可谓自成一格。作为一种表意症候,括号既是表征其小说折衷、平衡的语言特色的符号,又是探究其小说和谐美学的一把钥匙。更为重要的是,括号折射出了汪曾祺之于时代的某种不变的姿态。尽管汪曾祺的小说语言观在1950—1960年代经历了调整和变化,并参与促成了他1980年代以后小说写作的风貌,然而,括号在其写作生涯中持续且高频次的使用,从一个侧面表明,汪曾祺小说创作的“变”中依旧有“不变”的部分。

The use of parentheses runs through Wang Zengqi’s novel writing,which is one of the significant textual features of his novels.However,due to the superficial insignificance of parentheses,previous researchers have not paid enough attention to them.In fact,Wang Zengqi’s approach to the symbol is unique compared to that of modern Chinese writers such as Lu Xun.As a kind of ideographic symptom,the parenthesis is not only a symbol representing the eclectic and balanced language features of his novels,but also a key to explore the harmonious aesthetics of his novels.More importantly,the parentheses reflect a certain un⁃changing gesture of Wang Zengqi in relation to his time.Although Wang Zengqi’s view of novel language experienced adjustment and change in the 1950s and 1960s,and participated in promoting the style of his novel writing after the 1980s,the continuous and high-frequency use of parentheses in the writing career shows from one side that there is still a“constant part”in the“change”of Wang Zengqi’s novel creation.