块菌人工栽培现状及菌根苗培育方法的研究进展

Current status of artificial cultivation of truffles and research progress on preparation methods of seedlings with truffle mycorrhiza

松露(块菌)是名贵的地下真菌,因其独特的香味和口感享誉全球,具有重要的经济价值、食药用价值和生态价值。块菌必须与宿主植物共生形成外生菌根后才能形成子实体(子囊果)。由于块菌具有较高的经济价值而野生块菌资源被严重破坏,以块菌菌根苗制备技术为基础的人工栽培手段受到广泛关注。本文以块菌菌根苗培育为切入点,阐述了块菌资源面临的较大威胁、人工栽培手段的进步和人工种植园的快速发展,通过综述菌根苗培育前对共生组合的选择,菌根苗培育时使用的基质、接种剂、培养方式、与其他生物间的互作,以及菌根苗培育后进行检测的方法等研究进展,为外生菌根食用菌的菌根苗培育技术和人工栽培推广提供参考。

Truffle is a precious underground fungus famous all over the world for its unique aroma and taste and has economic,medicinal,and ecological values.Truffles form ectomycorrhiza with host plants before forming fruiting bodies(ascocarps).Considering the high economic value and the serious destruction of wild resources,artificial cultivation imitating wild truffle growth by preparation of seedlings with truffle mycorrhiza has received extensive attention.Focusing on the cultivation of seedlings with truffle mycorrhiza,we elaborated on the threats to truffle resources,the progress in artificial cultivation methods,and the rapid development of plantations.Furthermore,we summarized the research progress in the selection of symbiotic combinations,substrates,inoculants,culture methods,interaction with other organisms,and methods of identification.This review will provide a reference for developing the methods for cultivating seedlings with mycorrhiza and promoting artificial cultivation of mycorrhizal edible fungi.